A simple, fast, repeatable and less laborious sample preparation protocol was developed and applied for the analysis of biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum strain FA1132 by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The match factors for sample spectra with respect to the mass spectra library of fungal volatile compounds were determined and used to study the complex hydrocarbons and other volatile compounds, which were separated by using different capillary columns with nonpolar, medium polar and high polar stationary phases. To date, more than 278 volatile compounds (with spectral match factor at least 90%) such as normal saturated hydrocarbons (C7-C30), cyclohexane, cyclopentane, fatty acids, alcohols, esters, sulfur-containing compounds, simple pyrane and benzene derivatives have been identified. Most of these compounds have not previously been reported. The method described in this paper is a more convenient research tool for the detection of volatile compounds from the cultures of T. harzianum.

No abstract

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of papaya leaf (Carica papaya) and kalo jeera (Nigella sativa) seeds powdered supplementation in drinking water as a growth promoter in broiler chickens. A total of 20 Cobb-500 broiler chicks (day-old) were purchased from local hatchery (Nourish Poultry and Hatchery Ltd.) and after seven days of acclimatization chicks were randomly divided into two groups, A (n=10) and B (n=10). The group A was kept as a control and not treated. The group B was supplemented with papaya leaf and kalo jeera powder with feed and water. Weekly observations were recorded for live body weight gain up to 5 th weeks and hematological tests were performed at 35 th day's age of broiler to search for hematological changes between control (A) and treatment (B) groups. The initial body weight of groups A and B on 1 st were 41.00±0.56 gm and 41.50±0.35 gm, respectively and after 35 th day of experiment final body weight were 1470±57.35 gm and 1720±58.56 gm, respectively and economics of production were analyzed and found that net profit per broiler was Tk. 8.91 and Tk. 20.69, respectively. The treatment group B was recorded statistically significant (at 1% level) increased (17.00%) for live body weight than that of control group A. The hematological parameters total erythrocyte count (TEC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and hemoglobin (Hb) estimation value of treatment group shows significant difference, while hemoglobin estimation does not show significant difference from control group. The results suggest that better growth performance could be achieved in broilers supplemented with papaya leaf and kalo jeera seeds.

An investigation was made on prevalence of the parasite Genarchopsis dasus in the fish Channa punctatus of Mymensingh, Bangladesh to determine the infestation and seasonal variation. The experiment was carried out from December 2009 to November 2010. A total of 379 parasites were collected from 235 host fish. The prevalence of G. dasus was higher in July and lower in September and October. The highest prevalence (83.3%) was in rainy season and the lowest (45.5%) in autumn. The highest intensity of G. dasus was in July and the lowest in December, and the highest and lowest intensity was in rainy and winter seasons, respectively. The prevalence was highest in intermediate length fish (67.0%), where the lowest (54.9%) was in small fish. Intensity was highest in intermediate length fish. The higher prevalence (90%) and intensity (4.3) was in female during rainy season. The lower prevalence (32%) and mean intensity (1.1) was in male during autumn. The highest ratio of mature: immature was in summer (30 : 37), the highest percentage of mature worms was in summer and the highest proportion of immature worms in autumn. The stomach contained most worms (72.8%) and the lowest proportion (6.6%) was in anterior portion of intestine. (Bangl. vet.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of tulsi leaf (Ocimum sanctum) extract supplementation in drinking water as a growth promoter in broiler chickens. A total of 40 Cobb-500 broiler chicks (day-old) were purchased from local hatchery (Nourish Poultry and Hatchery Ltd.). After seven days of acclimatization chicks were randomly divided into two groups, A (n=20) and B (n=20). The group A was kept as a control and not treated. The group B was supplemented with tulsi leaf extract with feed and water. Weekly observations were recorded for live body weight gain up to 5 th weeks and hematological tests were performed at 35 th day's age of broiler to search for hematological changes between control (A) and treatment (B) groups. The initial body weight of groups A and B on 1st day of this experiment were 41.00±1.78 gm and 41.50±2.35 gm, respectively and after 35 th day of experiment final body weight were 1640± 74.83 gm and 1920± 33.91 gm, respectively and economics of production were analyzed and found that net profit per broiler was Tk. 21.46 and Tk. 32.29, respectively. The treatment group B was recorded statistically significant (at 1% level) increased (16.97%) for live body weight than that of control group A. The hematological parameters total erythrocyte count (TEC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) estimation value of treatment group shows significant difference, while hemoglobin (Hb) estimation does not show significant difference from control group. The results suggest that better growth performance could be achieved in broilers supplemented with tulsi leaf extract.

An experiment was carried out to determine the comparative growth study of Vietnam koi (Anabus testudineus) and Thai koi (Anabus testudineus) for a period of 90 days in eight experimental ponds in the northern side of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Four treatments were considered having two replicates. For Vietnam koi treatments were named VT 1 and VT 2 and for Thai koi were TT 1 and TT 2 . All the fish were of same age group having mean body weight of 0.30 g. Feeding frequency in all the treatments were two times a day. Fish were fed quality fish feed at a rate of 60% of their body weight for the first thirty days that was gradually reduced to 25% for the next thirty days and 10% till the termination of the experiment. The mean value of water temperature were 29.78 in VT 1 , 30.42 in VT 2 , 30.50 in TT 1 and 29.99°C in TT 2 , dissolved oxygen were 7.21, 7.42 , 7.14 and 7.34 mg/l in VT 1 , VT 2 , TT 1 and TT 2, respectively, mean pH values were 7.42 in VT 1 , 7.29 in VT 2 , 7.50 in TT 1 and 7.45 in TT 2 , ammonia were 0.21, 0.24, 0.28 and 0.23 mg/l in VT 1 , VT 2 , TT 1 and TT 2 , respectively and alkalinity were 200.00, 205.00, 210.00 and 205.00 ppm in VT 1 , VT 2 , TT 1 and TT 2 , respectively. The result of the present study showed that the best weight gain of 80.00 g was observed in VT 1 after 90 days of culture period. Average weight gain (g) were 0.83, 0.88, 0.51 and 0.61; SGR (per day) were 3.93, 3.95, 3.65 and 3.71%; FCR were 1.50, 1.67, 1.70 and 1.90; survival rate were 78.50, 76.50, 90.00 and 82.00% and fish production were 7,839, 15,923, 5,519 and 11,820 kg/ha/3 months in VT 1 , VT 2 , TT 1 and TT 2 , respectively. Growth of both the species was higher in lower stocking densities, whereas, production was increased in higher stocking densities. The present research findings suggested that Vietnam koi has high growth potential in comparison to Thai koi under mini pond culture condition.

In order to yield influential information on the most recommended use of BGF, which so far still questioned, this preliminary study was aimed to investigate the physicochemical and functional properties of mixed flour of BGF and wheat flour (WF). A total of nine mixtures of WF: BGF of (90%:10%; 80%:20%; 70%:30%; 40%:60%; 50%:50%; 40%:60%; 30%:70%; 20%:80%; 10%:90%) were produced, where single WF and BGF were used as controls. This research revealed the different amount of BGF and wheat flour in the mixed flour showed the significantly different value of functional and rheological properties attributes, such as bulk density, CI, HR, WAI, WSI, SP, OAC, peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity and peak time. We have inferred to some previous studies and speculated that the difference in functional and rheological properties could be caused by the different amylose and amylopectin amount in the mixed flour. As far as we know that this present study was the first study on the mixed flour of BGF and wheat flour, therefore we suggested a more comprehensive study such as investigation of baking performance and bread qualities.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis-jenis parasit cacing nematoda yang menginfestasi saluran pencernaan serta derajat infestasinya pada anjing pemburu (Canis familiaris) di Kecamatan Lareh Sago Halaban, Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel feses dari 70 ekor anjing pemburu jantan. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode sentrifus untuk mengidentifikasi telur cacing nematoda serta metode Mc Master untuk penghitungan jumlah telur cacing nematoda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 70 ekor anjing pemburu di Kecamatan Lareh Sago Halaban, Sumatera Barat ditemukan sebanyak 40 ekor anjing pemburu (57,14%) positif mempunyai telur cacing nematoda gastrointestinal dengan jenis infeksi tunggal oleh Ancylostoma spp. Uncinaria spp. dan Toxocara spp., infeksi ganda oleh Ancylostoma spp. dan Uncinaria spp. serta Ancylostoma spp. dan Toxocara spp.dan multi infeksi oleh ketiga jenis cacing tersebut serta 30 ekor anjing pemburu (42,85%) tidakterinfeksi cacing. Dari 40 anjing yang terinfestasi tidak terdapat yang bersifat berat, dan 3 ekor menderita infestasi sedang dan selebihnya bersifat ringan.