Severe neonatal hypernatremia is an important electrolyte disorder that has serious effects. Cerebral venous thrombosis and aortic thrombosis are relatively rare in severe neonatal hypernatremic dehydration. The authors report a case of cerebral venous thrombosis, associated with aortic thrombosis revealed by dehydration in a 9-day-old boy. Diagnostic was performed using Doppler ultrasound and imaging techniques. Thrombosis was resolved after anticoagulation treatment with low-molecular weight heparin for 1 month, and then was substituted by oral anticoagulant. The case report is followed by a review of the literature dealing with clinical, aetiological and therapeutic aspects of neonatal thrombosis.
Cutis laxa (CL) is a heterogeneous group of inherited and acquired connective tissue disorders characterized by a loose skin and variable systemic involvement (inguinal hernia, cardiopulmonary disease, and emphysema). Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and x-linked recessive patterns have been described in the inherited forms. Acquired forms of this disease have been associated with a previous inflammatory skin disorder (urticaria…). The characteristic symptomatological pattern is resulting from paucity of elastic fibers. We report an 18 months old baby boy with a congenital cutis laxa. He was admitted in pediatric unit for respiratory disorders. The diagnosis of CL syndrome is based on clinical assessment of typical skin features and the associated extracutaneous finding.
Le syndrome d'activation macrophagique (SAM) est une atteinte multisystémique, liée à une intense activation du système immunitaire correspondant à une infiltration plus ou moins diffuse des tissus par des macrophages activés. Il associé des signes cliniques (fièvre, hépato splénomégalie, adénopathie) et des anomalies biologiques (bi ou pancytopénie, cytolyse hépatique, élévation des LDH, coagulopathie) à une hémophagocytose .Il peut être primaire chez l'enfant ou secondaire à diverses affections. Nous rapportons le cas d'un adolescent de 16 ans admis au service de pédiatrie pour leucopénie fébrile avec altération de l'état général et des lésions érythémateuses circulaires étendues au niveau des membres inférieurs. Le diagnostic de syndrome d'activation macrophagique était retenu devant les signes cliniques, biologiques et cytologiques compatibles. La biopsie cutanée de ces lésions était en faveur d'un lymphome T sous-cutané type panniculite. A travers ce travail nous insistons sur la particularité de cette observation clinique vu la rareté de ce type de lymphome T sous cutanée et beaucoup plus au cours de cette tranche d'âge, ainsi sur l'intérêt de penser au lymphome T sous cutanée devant un SAM qui pourrait mettre en jeu le pronostic vital, lorsque il est associé à des lésions sous cutanée érythémateuses.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe life-threatening disorder, responsible for extensive phagocytosis of hematopoietic cells and causing a multisystem organ failure. If lymphomas are common causes of HLH, the association with Hodgkin's lymphoma is rarely described in children. We report a case of a 9-year-old boy presenting with HLH as an initial manifestation of Hodgkin's lymphoma. He has been suffering from persistent high fever, asthenia, weight loss, and hepatosplenomegaly with no lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis of HLH secondary to infectious disease was initially worn. The patient received high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin with broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, his state got worse with the onset of dry cough and pleural effusion. Histopathologic examination of pleural fluid showed the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. The outcome was favorable after treatment by corticosteroid and chemotherapy. Hodgkin's lymphoma revealed by HLH is a source of delayed diagnosis and should be borne in mind in children.
Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a rare cause of respiratory distress during the neonate period. It is characterized by overinflation of pulmonary lobe, most commonly the left upper lobe or the right middle lobe. We report a case of a 21-day-old baby with the severe respiratory distress. Diagnosis of CLE was made by computed tomography scan and chest X-ray and confirmed by histopathological studies. We would like to draw attention to this rare condition, and discussing their clinical features and management.
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