Severe neonatal hypernatremia is an important electrolyte disorder that has serious effects. Cerebral venous thrombosis and aortic thrombosis are relatively rare in severe neonatal hypernatremic dehydration. The authors report a case of cerebral venous thrombosis, associated with aortic thrombosis revealed by dehydration in a 9-day-old boy. Diagnostic was performed using Doppler ultrasound and imaging techniques. Thrombosis was resolved after anticoagulation treatment with low-molecular weight heparin for 1 month, and then was substituted by oral anticoagulant. The case report is followed by a review of the literature dealing with clinical, aetiological and therapeutic aspects of neonatal thrombosis.

Introduction and importance The primary intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare exudative enteropathy of unknown etiology that affects the lymphatic system. It causes lymphedema and malabsorption syndrome by the escape of the lymph and its elements into the intestinal lumen. Case presentation A female patient, diagnosed at the age of 11 with Waldmann's disease, has initially manifested chronic diarrhea with a stature-ponderal delay at the age of 6 months old; she was treated for a long time as celiac disease patient. Edematous syndrome, chronic diarrhea, staturo-ponderal delay and asymmetric lymphedema of the upper limb are the main clinical symptoms in this case. In addition, the exclusion of secondary intestinal lymphangiectasia was important for the diagnosis. Before and during her follow-up, the patient presented two complications of the disease: warts and osteomalacia. The patient did not respond to treatment with the low-fat diet; therefore, the need to add treatment with octreotide was necessary, which has given quite pleasant results. Octreotide was the therapeutic choice to treat the patient as she was resistant to the appropriate regimen with clinical improvement; nevertheless, certain biological elements of lymphatic leakage persisted. Discussion Waldmann's disease is rare. It can be responsible, besides the typical signs, for complications including warts and osteomalacia. The histopathological study of intestinal biopsies may be normal if lymphangiectasias are localized. The treatment is based on a nutritional diet associated with octreotide. During the patient's follow-up, the evolution after almost two years of the introduction of octreotide compared to the diet alone showed improved outcomes. Conclusion The treatment of Waldmann's disease is based on an adapted diet and octreotide. This case highlighted the importance of the long term follow-up in this disease.

Background. Biobanks are highly organized infrastructures that allow the storage of human biological specimens associated with donors’ personal and clinical data. These infrastructures play a key role in the development of translational medical research. In this context, we launched, in November 2015, the first biobank in Morocco (BRO Biobank) in order to promote biomedical research and provide opportunities to include Moroccan and North African ethnic groups in international biomedical studies. Here, we present the setup and the sample characteristics of BRO Biobank. Methods. Patients were recruited at several departments of two major health-care centers in the city of Oujda. Healthy donors were enrolled during blood donation campaigns all over Eastern Morocco. From each participant, personal, clinical, and biomedical data were collected, and several biospecimens were stored. Standard operating procedures have been established in accordance with international guidelines on human biobanks. Results. Between November 2015 and July 2020, 2446 participants were recruited into the BRO Biobank, of whom 2013 were healthy donors, and 433 were patients. For healthy donors, the median age was 35 years with a range between 18 and 65 years and the consanguinity rate was 28.96%. For patients, the median age was 11 years with a range between 1 day and 83 years. Among these patients, 55% had rare diseases (hemoglobinopathies, intellectual disabilities, disorders of sex differentiation, myopathies, etc.), 13% had lung cancer, 4% suffered from hematological neoplasms, 3% were from the kidney transplantation project, and 25% had unknown diagnoses. The BRO Biobank has collected 5092 biospecimens, including blood, white blood cells, plasma, serum, urine, frozen tissue, FFPE tissue, and nucleic acids. A sample quality control has been implemented and suggested that samples of the BRO Biobank are of high quality and therefore suitable for high-throughput nucleic acid analysis. Conclusions. The BRO Biobank is the largest sample collection in Morocco, and it is ready to provide samples to national and international research projects. Therefore, the BRO Biobank is a valuable resource for advancing translational medical research.

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The authors report a case of intracerebellar haematoma occurring during the neonatal period. A 5-day-old baby girl was admitted because of poor feeding and the anterior fontanelle was tense. CT scan of the brain revealed a round mass at the cerebellar vermis; the lesion simulated a cerebellar tumour such as a medulloblastoma. The mass was surgically removed and found to be an intracerebellar haematoma. The clinical and radiologic characteristics are discussed.

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Kawasaki disease (KD) is a vasculitis mostly seen in children aged less than 5 years. It can involve different organs and tissues. Its diagnosis is based on the clinical criteria of the American Heart Association (AHA). We report a case of a Moroccan adolescent with an atypical presentation of KD initially treated as typhoid fever. Gastrointestinal, renal, and pulmonary signs were the main clinical findings that made the diagnosis of KD challenging and delayed. The consequence was a severe cardiac damage with myocarditis and coronary artery dilation. KD is uncommon in adolescents, and it is important to recognize the atypical forms and the different presentations of KD in order to prevent the delay of diagnosis and treatment, and hence the cardiac complications.