Computed tomography is helpful in diagnosing infected congenital cysts and its types. Infected congenital cysts could be excised completely under an umbrella of antibiotics. Recurrence of deep neck infections should alert the physician to the possibility of underlying congenital lesions. Thorough clinical and radiological assessment is mandatory to rule out the possibility of a congenital pyriform fossa sinus.
In this study, a total of 209 individuals of leeches were collected from Al-Hindyia River / Babil Province. 116 individuals were identified as Erpobdella octaculata (Linnaeus, 1758), 50 individuals as Erpobdella punctata (Leidy,1870) and 43 individuals as Hemiclepsis marginata (Müller, 1774). Four samples were collected monthly during a period from February to June 2018. Some physical and chemical water properties were also examined, including air and water temperature, potential of hydrogen pH, Electrical Conductivity EC, Total Dissolved Solid TDS, Dissolved Oxygen DO, and the Biological Oxygen Demand BOD₅. Air and water temperature were ranged 19.5-29, & 14.6-23.2 °C respectively. The values of pH ranged 6.2-7.6. EC ranged 1104-1581 μs/cm². The TDS recorded 669-767 mg/l, while the DO reached 1.3-8.5 mg / l, the BOD₅ ranged 3.5-5.7 mg/l.
Soybean oil is considered one of the world's major oil seed crop. Refined and deodorized soybean oil is used extensively in frying oils, salad oils and many other foods. In spite of the technological treatments of the oil still it contains 84.53% of unsaturated fatty acids which make it prone to autoxidation and the development of rancidity. Thus, the present study aims at reducing oxidation by using natural antioxidants extracted from herbs rather than using the synthetic antioxidant TBHQ which may cause health hazards and toxicological concerns. General quality tests and fatty acid composition of the refined soybean oil used in the present study was assessed. Rosemary, thyme and sage were extracted using Clevenger apparatus. Yield, total phenolic and flavonoids were measured in the herbal extracts. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was measured by two methods (DPPH and FRAP). The herbal extracts were introduced at 400 ppm to soy oil in the presence of a control and a synthetic antioxidant TBHQ at 150 ppm. Oven test was used for accelerating oxidation (180 o C ±5 C for 18hrs at 3hrs interval) and results were tested by measuring acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, CD and CT, para Ansidine value and total oxidation (TOTOX value). Shelf life estimation was also measured using Anton's bar rancidity device. Results of the oven test showed promising results for essential oils added to soybean oil as compared to control and TBHQ where rosemary showed a clear inhibition of oxidation in secondary oxidation tests (acid value and para Ansidine) whereas, thyme and sage showed more oxidation inhibition in the primary oxidation tests (peroxide value, CD, CT and iodine value). Calculation of shelf life of samples showed best results at 20 o C up to 30 o C but all decreased at 40 o C under the conditions used in the apparatus. Sensory evaluation tests after18hrs of heating were acceptable especially for rosemary and thyme. As for the fresh state all samples were acceptable with no significant differences between them.
The safety performance of nuclear power plants (NPPs) is a very important factor in evaluating nuclear energy sustainability. Safety analysis of passive and active safety systems have a positive influence on reactor transient mitigation. One of the common transients is primary coolant leg rupture. This study focused on guillotine large break loss of coolant (LB-LOCA) in one of the reactor vessels, in which cold leg rupture occurred, after establishment of a steady-state condition for the VVER-1000. The reactor responses and performance of emergence core cooling systems (ECCSs) were investigated. The main safety margin considered during this simulation was to check the maximum value of the clad surface temperature, and it was then compared with the design licensing limit of 1474 K. The calculations of event progression used the engineering-level RELAP5/SCDAPSIM/MOD3.5 thermal-hydraulic program, which also provide a more detailed treatment of coolant system thermal hydraulics and core behavior. The obtained results show that actuation of ECCSs at their actuation set points provided core cooling by injecting water into the reactor pressure vessel, as expected. The peak cladding temperature did not overpass the licensing limit during this LB-LOCA transient. The primary pressure above the core decreased rapidly from 15.7 MPa to 1 MPa in less than 10 s, then stabilizes up to the end of transient. The fuel temperature decreased from 847 K to 378 K during the first 30 s of the transient time. The coolant leakage reduced from 9945 kg/s to approximately 461 kg/s during the first 190 s in the transient. Overall, the study shows that, within the design of the VVER-1000, safety systems of the have inherent robustness of containing guillotine LB-LOCA.
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