Common bunt of wheat is one of the most important diseases of wheat in Al-Jezera and northern parts of Iraq. Yield losses up to 70% were recorded in most wheat fields sown with untreated seeds. Recently an epidemic form of the disease was observed in the central and southern parts of Iraq for the first time. High disease incidence was detected in most wheat fields in the region. This caused potential hazard to wheat production in the country. A systematic survey was conducted to detect the importance and geographical distribution of the disease in Iraq and to identify the causal agents. Results revealed that the disease is distributed in most of wheat fields in the northern and central parts of the country. The high level of wheat grain contamination with bunt balls was about 1.3% (w/w) in Diyala province and the low percent was about 0.04% (w/w) in Wasit. The disease was also detected for the first time in two locations in the south. These levels of contamination caused 50-100% superficial contamination of wheat seeds with teliospores of the causal agents in all wheat samples. Tilletia tritici, T. laevis, T. intermedia and Tilletia sp. were identified in all infected samples collected from wheat fields. The frequency of T. tritici was high (38.4%) in the north, while both T. laevis and T. intermedia were more frequent in the south (34.5 and 8.9%, respectively) followed by Tilletia sp. (25.5%) in the middle zones.
In this study, a total of 209 individuals of leeches were collected from Al-Hindyia River / Babil Province. 116 individuals were identified as Erpobdella octaculata (Linnaeus, 1758), 50 individuals as Erpobdella punctata (Leidy,1870) and 43 individuals as Hemiclepsis marginata (Müller, 1774). Four samples were collected monthly during a period from February to June 2018. Some physical and chemical water properties were also examined, including air and water temperature, potential of hydrogen pH, Electrical Conductivity EC, Total Dissolved Solid TDS, Dissolved Oxygen DO, and the Biological Oxygen Demand BOD₅. Air and water temperature were ranged 19.5-29, & 14.6-23.2 °C respectively. The values of pH ranged 6.2-7.6. EC ranged 1104-1581 μs/cm². The TDS recorded 669-767 mg/l, while the DO reached 1.3-8.5 mg / l, the BOD₅ ranged 3.5-5.7 mg/l.
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