Consumer-oriented environmental policies came high on the political agenda during the 1990s. Internationally, consumers were assigned a key role in environmental policies; also in Denmark, political initiatives were taken to promote sustainable consumer behaviour. In this article, the results of Danish policies related to consumption and environment are assessed by considering first, the environmental impacts of the political measures, and second, whether the policies have succeeded in addressing the dynamics behind increasing consumption. The study combines a theoretical understanding of consumption as an inseparable part of daily practices with empirical analyses of three fields of consumption: housing, transportation, and information and communication technology. It is pointed out that policies to promote sustainable consumption are successful only when technological development, economic structures, and information are all in accordance with each other, and this is the case only when sustainable consumption does not conflict with economic growth. A more fundamental critique thus concerns the failure of Danish consumer-oriented environmental policies to address consumption growth and the rising standards for “normal consumption.” Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007Consumer-oriented environmental policy, Sustainable consumption, Housing, Transport, Information and communication technology, Denmark,
I denne artikel kortlægger vi kompetenceudviklingsaktiviteter for ph.d.-vejledere i Danmark, hvilket ikke tidligere er gennemført systematisk. Syv ud af de otte danske universiteter udbød kompetenceudviklingsaktiviteter for ph.d.-vejledere. I alt identificerede vi 14 kurser/aktiviteter gennemført i 2015. Undersøgelsen er dels baseret på data fra en tematisk analyse af eksisterende kursusbeskrivelser og programmer, og dels på en spørgeskemaundersøgelse. Kortlægningen viser, at fire faglige temaer går igen i de fleste kurser; vejlederroller, relationer, understøttelse af den ph.d.-studerendes selvstændighed samt kommunikation. Kortlægningen diskuteres op imod international litteratur fra forskningsfeltet med særlig fokus på et australsk studie, hvor udbuddet af ph.d.-vejlederkurser kortlægges på otte store (forskningstunge) australske universiteter. Udbuddet i Danmark er forholdsvis ensartet sammenlignet med både Australien og aktiviteter rapporteret fra andre lande, hvor en større variation af formater er afprøvet, fx online kurser og uformelle læringscirkler. Herefter tages spørgsmålet om kvalitet i kompetenceudviklingsaktiviteterne op. Internationalt vurderes kvalitet i ph.d.-vejlederkurser på, hvorvidt det lykkes at få vejlederen til at reflektere over sin praksis. Vi har derfor valgt at diskutere kvalitet med udgangspunkt i Schön’s begreber om refleksion-over-praksis og refleksion-i-praksis (Schön, 1987). Målet er, at artiklen kan bruges af ph.d.-skoler og pædagogiske enheder til videreudvikling af deres udbud af kurser og andre initiativer målrettet ph.d.-vejledere.
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