Investigations on antimicrobial activity in vitro show that all the complexes are active against the tested microorganisms, the complex with chloride being more active against Gram negative bacteria than chlorhexidine diacetate..

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The aim of the current paper is the development of phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles mediated by Raphanus sativus L. extracts obtained through two extraction methods (temperature and microwave) and to test their potential application for controlling apple crops pathogens. The phytosynthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. All the materials were evaluated in terms of antioxidant and in vitro antimicrobial activity (against bacteria, molds, and yeast: Escherichia coli ATCC 8738, Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Venturia inaequalis, Podosphaera leucotricha, Fusarium oxysporum ATCC 48112, Penicillium hirsutum ATCC 52323, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 15475). Considering the results obtained in the in vitro assays, formulations based on nanoparticles phytosynthesized using Raphanus sativus L. waste extracts (RS1N) were evaluated as potential antifungal agents for horticultural crops protection, against Venturia inaequalis and Podosphaera leucotricha through in vivo assays. For the DPPH assay, the inhibition (%) varied between 37.06% (for RS1N at 0.8 mg/mL concentration) and 83.72% (for RS1N at 7.2 mg/mL concentration) compared to 19.97% (for RS2N at 0.8 mg/mL) and only 28.91% (for RS2N at 7.2 mg/mL). Similar results were obtained for RS3N (85.42% inhibition at 7.2 mg/mL) compared with RS4N (21.76% inhibition at 7.2 mg/mL). Regarding the ABTS assay, the highest scavenger activity values were recorded for samples RS1N (91.43% at 1.6 mg/mL) and RS3N (96.62% at 1.6 mg/mL).

The climatic changes of the latest years led to obvious changes in the biological cycle of the many orchard pests. In the case of the apple codling moth -Cydia pomonella L., one of the most damaging pest of the apple orchards, under our Country conditions it can develops also the third generation, the adults flight extent became wider, the attack of the second generation of larva is more aggressive and under some particular orchard conditions resistance to various groups of insecticides were noticed. The work presents the results obtained during 2013-2014 at Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti Romania, using matting disruption method. ISOMATE C pheromone dispensers (E,E-8,10-dodecadiene-1-ol 52.4%, 1-dodecanol 30.6%,1tetradecanol 7.1%) combined with a reduced number of treatments with insecticides were used to control apple codling moth. The percentage of the attacked fruits in the plot where pheromone dispensers were applied was 0.3-0.4% (in 2013) and 0.08-0.011% (in 2014). The results obtained during the study revealed that matting disruption is an efficient alternative method to control apple codling moth -Cydia pomonella L., which contribute to environment protection and cleaner high quality fruits production.

Three new samarium(III) complex compounds with chlorhexidine as ligand and mixed ligands chlorhexidine/o-phenanthroline have been prepared and characterized by elemental and thermogravimetrical analyses, infrared, electronic and luminescence spectra. The complexes corresponded to the formulas: [Sm(CHX)(NO3)2]� NO3, [Sm(CHX)(o-phen)2]� (NO3)3 and [Sm2(CHX)(o-phen)2(NO3)4]�(NO3)2, where CHX was the chlorhexidine. Chlorhexidine acted as neutral tetradentate NNNN donor, coordinating through the four imine nitrogen atoms. The two mixed ligands complexes showed a strong luminescent emission in solid state, characteristic of samarium(III) ion. The metal complexes and the chlorhexidine diacetate were in vitro evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against two Gram negative bacteria. The results revealed that all compounds were very effective in reducing the bacterial growth rate, even at low concentration.

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Three Cu(II) complex compounds with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde-2-benzothiazolyl hydrazone (HL) have been prepared and characterized by elemental and thermogravimetrical analysis, infrared, electronic and EPR spectra. The complex compounds have various composition and stereochemistry, depending on the reaction conditions and the metal salt used. The ligand acts as neutral bidentate NN donor in the complexes [Cu(HL) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] . Cl 2 and [Cu(HL) 2 (H 2 O)Br] . Br and monobasic bidentate donor in the complex [Cu 2 L 4 ].EPR studies of the complexes gave axial symmetry, with d x2-y2 the ground state. The bonding parameters calculated from the electronic and EPR spectra indicate strong in-plane π-bonding for all the complexes. Investigations on antibacterial and antifungal activities show that the complexes are more active than the free ligand.