Synthesis, characterization, and thermal decomposition of new copper (II) complex compounds with chlorhexidine

Spectroscopic Study of the Molecular Structure of the New Hybrid with a Potential Two-Way Antibacterial Effect

“…Based on the knowledge that the ligands in metal complexes can be the ions or neutral molecules containing the atoms with free electron pairs (in particular N, O, halogens) such as carboxylate [ 19 ], triethylenetetramine, bipyridine [ 18 , 19 ], biguanide [ 20 , 29 ], the new composites (hybrids) were synthetized by covalently combining fluoroquinolone antibiotics and the biguanide derivatives with metal ion.…”

“…Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are the commonly used methods for the confirmation of synthesis and structural characterization of a novel chemical framework [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The spectroscopic studies were used: (i) For the characterization of metal-complexes [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 32 , 33 ] such as metalloantibiotics [ 21 , 22 ], including metallofluoroquinolones [ 18 , 19 , 22 , 26 , 33 ] and metal complexes with chlorhexidine [ 20 , 24 ], (ii) for the analysis of the decomposition of metal-complexes [ 20 ], (iii) for the characterization of inclusion compounds [ 25 ], composites/mineral composites [ 27 , 28 , 31 , 32 ] and (iv) for the examination of interactions between the components [ 23 ]. Infrared (IR) spectroscopic method, especially the Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) technique and NMR spectroscopic measurements were often applied to confirm the coordination of the ligands to metal ions and to find out the possible coordination sites in the metallo-organic structures [ 17 ].…”

Synthesis of novel chlorhexidine spheres with controlled release from a UDMA–HEMA resin using ultrasound

“…Chlorhexidine compounds have been synthesized by mixing chlorhexidine digluconate and sodium hexametaphosphate solutions together to produce antibacterial chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate nano-particles and aggregates for use in glass ionomers and biomedical applications [17,18]. Other chlorhexidine formulations based on the coordinating ability of biguandines with metal ions (Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Sn 2+ , Ag+), were also reported, but with no structure or morphology of the complexes revealed [19,32,33]. The current formulations produced a specific and reproducible crystallite size and morphology which did not suffer from aggregation behavior or any potential issues with nano-toxicity [34], which might affect nanomaterials without a carrier.…”

“…This composite however suffers from an uncontrollable release of chlorhexidine, due to its rapid diffusion from the methacrylate based resin. To overcome these drawbacks efforts have been made to develop new chlorhexidine formulations [16][17][18][19] and investigate novel drug carriers [20,21], to control chlorhexidine release. Ultrasound is another 4 method previously used to control the release of antibacterial agents in bone cements, where the synergistic effect of ultrasound and antibiotics enhanced antimicrobial efficiency [15,22].…”

Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of new Ni(II), Pd(II) and Cr(III) complex compounds with chlorhexidine

“…They refer to the synthesis and characterization of some complexes of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ag(I) with chlorhexidine. [20][21][22] The purpose of this study was to establish the products of the interaction of chlorhexidine diacetate with Ni(II), Pd(II) and Cr(III) and the action of the formed metal complexes against some bacteria and fungi. The antioxidant activity of the metal complexes was also evaluated by the photochemiluminescent method.…”