Pregnancy is a condition that favours oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidant and antioxidant status by measuring glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations before and during pregnancy in ewes. Twelve healthy female and two healthy male Awassi sheep, aged 4-5 years, weighing approximately 50 -55 kg each, were used in the study. The ewes' blood samples were taken before synchronization and during pregnancy (on 25 th days of each month of pregnancy). Plasma MDA concentrations in the 2 nd and 3 rd months of pregnancy in ewes were lower than in the 1 st , 4 th , 5 th months of pregnancy and in the non-pregnant ewes. GSH concentrations and GSH-Px activities during pregnancy were increased (P < 0.01). GSH concentrations and GSH-Px activities were the highest in the 2 nd and 3 rd months of pregnancy. CAT activities were decreased after the 1 st month of pregnancy in ewes (P < 0.001). They were the lowest in the 2 nd and 3 rd months of pregnancy. The findings of our study show decreased CAT activities and elevated GSH concentrations and GSH-Px activities after the 1 st month of pregnancy in ewes. These changes in the indicators under study may indicate a predisposition to oxidative stress in the 2 nd and 3 rd month of pregnancy in ewes. Awassi sheep, pregnancy, oxidant and antioxidant status

SummaryThis study was carried out to compare floor with cage housing systems used for broiler chicken production in terms of performance, some oxidative stress parameters and carcass defects. For this purpose, two cage and two floor housing farms were monitored simultaneously during summer, autumn and winter seasons. Capacities of farms in each housing system were 40.000 and 25.000 chickens. At the end of each summer, autumn and winter season, 15 broilers were selected in both housing systems with capacity of 25.000 chickens for carcass and oxidative stress parameters. Blood samples were taken in slaughtering period from chickens slaughtered with decapitation. Broiler reared in cage housing showed higher live weight at 7 and 14 days (P≤0.05). But this difference disappeared after three weeks, while slaughter weights were found to be similar at both systems. Better feed conversion ratio (FCR) and carcass yield were obtained in floor housing (P≤0.01). Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased in cage housing (P≤0.01). Other carcass traits and antioxidant activity were found to be similar between groups (P>0.05). Cases of wing fractures, wing and breast bruising were found to be higher in cage housing (P≤0.05). Case of shank and drumstick bruising slightly increased in floor housing (P=0.074). The incidence and severity of food pad lesions increased in floor housing (P≤0.01). The results of this study indicated that floor housing had shown better performance and carcass quality at examined production capacities. Keywords: Broiler, Floor housing, Cage housing, Performance, Season Kafes ve Yer Sistemlerinin Etlik Piliç Üretiminde Besi Performansı, Oksidatif Stres ve Karkas Kusurları Üzerine Etkileri ÖzetBu araştırma, etlik piliç üretiminde kullanılan yer ve kafes sistemlerini performans, bazı oksidatif stres parametreleri ve karkas kusurları bakımından karşılaştırmak için yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, 2 yer ve 2 kafes kümesi yaz, sonbahar ve kış sezonları süresince eş zamanlı olarak takip edilmiştir. Her sistemde kümeslerin kapasitesi 40.000 ve 25.000 piliç şeklindedir. Yaz, sonbahar ve kış sezonları sonunda, 25.000 kapasiteli her iki yetiştirme sisteminden karkas ve oksidatif stres parametreleri için 15 piliç seçilmiştir. Kan numuneleri boyun uçurma yöntemi ile kesimi yapılan piliçlerden kesim esnasında alınmıştır. Kafes sisteminde yetiştirilen piliçler 7 ve 14. günlerde daha fazla canlı ağırlık göstermişlerdir (P≤0.05). Bu farklılık üçüncü haftadan sonra ortadan kaybolmuş ve kesim ağırlıkları her iki sistemde benzer bulunmuştur. Yer sisteminde yemden yararlanma ve karkas randımanı iyileşmiştir (P≤0.01). Serum malondialdehit (MDA) seviyesi kafes sisteminde yükselmiştir (P≤0.01). Diğer karkas özellikleri ve antioksidan aktivite araştırma grupları arasında benzer bulunmuştur (P>0.05). Kanat kırığı, kanat ve göğüs morarması olguları kafes sisteminde yüksek tespit edilmiştir (P≤0.05). İncik ve baget morarması olgusu yer sisteminde önemsiz derecede yükselmiştir (P=0.074). Taban yastığı nekrozlarının görülme oranı ve şiddet...

Objective. The purpose of this study is to determine the changes in oxidative damage and antioxidant parameters in open heart surgeries with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in preoperative and early postoperative periods. Methods. A total of three consecutive arterial blood samples were obtained from the patients in the study group, in preoperative, early postoperative, and postoperative periods, respectively. Oxidative damage indicator (MDA) and antioxidant indicators (GPx, GSH, CAT, and SOD) were examined. Results. A statistically significant increase was observed in MDA level in postoperative period compared to preoperative and early postoperative periods. GSH levels and CAT activities increased significantly in early postoperative and postoperative periods. Analyses revealed an increase in GPx and SOD enzyme activities only in the postoperative period. Conclusion. Even though the increase in MDA level was suppressed by the increased GSH level and CAT activity like in early postoperative period, efficiency can be brought for the increases in insufficient significant antioxidant parameters in postoperative period by administering antioxidant supplements to the patients and thus the increase in MDA in postoperative period can be significantly suppressed.

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This study evaluated effects of photoperiod treatments on slaughter and carcass traits, meat quality, indicators of oxidative stress, and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) levels of lung and heart tissues in broilers. Five hundred Ross 308 broiler chicks were used. The treatments consisted of 23 hours of continuous light and one hour of darkness (23L1D), four hours of light followed by two hours of darkness (4L2D), eight hours of light and four hours of darkness (8L4D), and 16 hours of light and eight hours of darkness (16L8D). After 42 days, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered. Birds that had been subjected to 16L8D had lower slaughter, carcass, and breast weights than the other treatments. Significant correlations were observed for slaughter, carcass and breast weights and white stripe. At 10 min post mortem, the pH of the breast was the highest in 23L1D. Breasts from birds subjected to 23L1D and 16L8D had most fat and least protein, while white striping was not different among treatments. The 4L2D treatment resulted in the highest lung glutathione (GSH) concentration. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and GSH concentrations in the heart tissues of broilers from 8L4D and 4L2D were greater than those from 23L1D and 16:8. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase concentrations were greatest for birds subjected to 16L8D. Heat shock protein 70 was lowest in lung and heart from birds subjected to 8L4D. Thus, shorter and more frequent periods of darkness can be recommended for welfare with little compromise in performance. Keywords: carcass quality, heat shock protein 70, oxidative stress, white stripe

The objective of the present work was to examine the effects of different doses (0, 10, 20 and 40 g kg -1 fish diet mass) of kefir on growth performance and oxidant-antioxidant status in the blood and liver tissues of Coruh trout, Salmo coruhensis, in different periods (2 and 3 months). In this study, survival was more than 88.3%, and irrespective of dietary kefir levels at the end of the study. There were no significant differences in SGR (Specific growth rate), FCR (Feed conservation rate), CF (Condition factor) among fish fed diets with 0, 10, 20 and 40 g kg -1 kefir, however, these growth values were significantly different in terms of durations between 2-month and 3-month treatment (P<0.05). Our results indicated that TAS (Total Antioxidant Status) and TOS (Total Oxidant Status) in blood tissues reduced with kefir treatment at the end of third month (P<0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver decreased in all groups compared with control group and a considerable extent decrease was observed in 40 g doses of kefir treatment at the end of third month. The data obtained from this experiment indicated that the same dose of kefir was more effective at the end of 3-month treatment than 2-month treatment (P<0.001). Although there was no statistical difference among groups, an increase in the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activity was observed in all groups compared to control groups. While catalase (CAT) activity decreased in all groups compared to control group at the end of second month (P<0.01), the decrease was insignificant level at the end of third month. In glutathione (GSH) levels, statistical differences were no observed in all groups compared to the control group with 2-month treatment while there were significant increases with 3-month treatment (P<0.001). It was concluded that kefir could play an antioxidant role and its effectiveness depended on dosage and time of application in Coruh trout, S. coruhensis.

The effects of dietary intake of vitamin E and selenium on arginase activity in the liver, kidneys, and heart of rats treated with high doses of prednisolone were investigated. Rats were divided into five groups. Groups 3, 4, and 5 received a daily supplement in their drinking water of vitamin E, Se, and a combination of vitamin E and Se, respectively, for 30 days. For 3 days subsequently, the control group (group 1) was given a placebo, and the remaining four groups were injected intramuscularly with prednisolone. The tissue samples were collected from each group at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h after the last administration of prednisolone. In the group treated with prednisolone alone, arginase activity in the liver was found to have increased at all the time periods, whereas it had decreased significantly in the heart at 48 h. Arginase activity in the kidneys was not affected by prednisolone. Compared to the control and prednisolone groups, arginase activity in the kidneys and heart of the vitamin E- and Se-supplemented groups was found to be significantly increased at all time periods, however, no difference was seen in the combination group. Arginase activity in the liver of the vitamin E-supplemented group was found to have decreased at all time periods, however, in the Se group compared to the prednisolone group it had reduced at 24 and 48 h only. In the combination group compared to the prednisolone group, liver arginase activity increased constantly up to 12 h returning to normal values at 48 h. Vitamin E and Se in combination may prevent the changes in arginase activity in various tissues caused by prednisolone.