The occurrence of Campylobacter and Listeria monocytogenes was studied in 645 samples from surfaces, water, and poultry products (chicken carcasses, chicken parts, viscera, and spoils) in a poultry processing plant in southern Brazil. The automated mini-VIDAS system was used to detect the presence of Campylobacter and L. monocytogenes on the samples. The positive samples were confirmed by conventional methods. Campylobacter and L. monocytogenes were found in 16.6 and 35.6% of the analyzed samples, respectively. The sampling points with the highest Campylobacter incidence were intestine (63.3%, 19 of 30 samples), gallbladder (46.7%, 14 of 30), carcasses before evisceration (33.33%, 10 of 30), and carcasses after plucking (30%, 9 of 30). For L. monocytogenes, the majority of positive samples were from frozen breast (100%, 15 of 15 samples), frozen wing (93.3%, 14 of 15), fresh breast (83.3%, 25 of 30), fresh wing (80%, 24 of 30), skin of breast and leg (76.7%, 23 of 30), frozen leg (60%, 9 of 15), and fresh leg (50%, 15 of 30).

The prevalence of Salmonella on surfaces, water, and broiler chicken (carcasses, parts, viscera, and spoils) taken from a poultry slaughterhouse located in the south of Brazil was studied. The automated mini-VIDAS system (a variation of the basic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was used to screen for the presence of this microorganism in 615 samples, and the traditional culture method was used in 470 samples. We detected Salmonella in the following sampling points by the VIDAS Salmonella test: transport cages (16.7%), boxes (10%), scalding water (16.7%), chilled water (6.7%), carcass before evisceration (6.7%), carcass after chilling (3.3%), fresh breast (3.3%), fresh leg (10%), frozen wing (13.3%), frozen leg (13.3%), intestines (6.7%), skin of breast and leg (10%), and skin of neck (6.7%). Nevertheless, with the traditional culture method we only detected salmonellae in the following sampling points: scalding water (10%), fresh leg (6.7%), frozen wing (10%), skin of breast and leg (20%), and skin of neck (10%). Finally, 5.4% (33 of 615) of the samples analyzed by the VIDAS Salmonella system were positive, whereas the positive percentage with the traditional method was 2.6% (12 of 470). The results showed that transport cages, scalding water, frozen wing, frozen leg, and skin of breast and leg were the sampling points that demonstrated the greatest prevalence.

The sensitivity of different methods for the isolation and identification of Campylobacter, Listeria and Salmonella was compared, and their application in food safety control in a poultry slaughterhouse was evaluated. The VIDAS, SimPlate, Reveal and VIP systems were used, together with traditional microbiological methods. The study was carried out in a slaughterhouse and in the poultry carving room. One hundred and twenty samples (40 per microorganism) obtained from carcasses, viscera, different chicken parts, water and the environment were evaluated. For Campylobacter, the VIDAS system performed better than plate confirmation. The traditional method yielded results similar to those obtained with the SimPlate method. For Listeria, the plate count method proved less sensitive than the VIDAS, VIP and Reveal systems, which yielded similar results. For Salmonella, the VIDAS system displayed a detection rate comparable to that of traditional methods, while the Reveal system detected twice as many positive samples (16 in total). The Reveal method performed significantly better than either the plate count method or the VIDAS system. The alternative methods used here could be successfully applied in food safety control in poultry slaughterhouses, providing similar or better results and taking less time to perform. The VIDAS system, in general, and the Reveal system in the case of Listeria and Salmonella, appear to be effective alternatives to traditional methods.

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Oils are subject to several reactions that lead to physical-chemical, sensory and nutritional deterioration. This deterioration process is called rancidity or lipid oxidation, a spontaneous and irreversible phenomenon that can be delayed by the addition of antioxidants. Usually, vegetable oil producers choose to add antioxidants to the upper limit permitted by applicable law as it is not entirely clear the ideal dosages of pure or combined antioxidants designated for this purpose. In order to determine the optimum dosage of antioxidants that minimizes the impact of lipid oxidation of soybean oil bottled in PET (ethylene terephthalate) and replace the traditional antioxidant tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), an accelerated oven shelf-life test was performed. The antioxidants ascorbyl palmitate (AP), mix of tocopherols and rosemary extract (RE) were evaluated, pure and in combination, at different dosages. Most of the evaluated antioxidants delayed lipid oxidation of soybean oil, but a mixture containing AP and RE presented results of TOTOX statistically lower (higher oxidative stability) than that with TBHQ. One the other hand, regarding OSI at 120 °C, the result obtained by that mixture was statistically lower (less oxidative stability) than that obtained with TBHQ, in both evaluated dosages.

From the leaves of Annona squamosaL. a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid has been isolated and identified as the cardiotonic active principle of the drug. The alkaloid has been structurally elucidated as p-hydroxybenzyl -6,7-dihydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline (demethyl-. coclaurine = higenamine). Its positive inotropic activity results from an interaction k i t h the -P-adrenoceptors of the heart muscle. EinleitungNach den Berichten von KIRTJKAR und BASU [I], WAIT und BREYER-BRANDWIJK [2], VOHORA und Mitarb. [3], WOEI-SANG GEN ' Teil der Dissertation (in Vorbereitung). [4] und CHOPRA [ 5 ] wurden die verschiedenen Teile von Annona squamosa in der Volksmedizin vor allem als Tonikum, Amobenmittel, Adstringens, Krebsmittel und Insekticidum verwendet. In pharmakologischen Untersuchungen konnten in erster Linie kardiotone [6, 71, antitumorale [8], acetylcholin-ahnliche [9], spasmolytische [6, 71, oxytocische [6], insekticide [9] und anthelmintische [9] Wirkungen nachgewiesen werden. Obwohl aus Blatt und Wurzel eine grofle Zahl von Alkaloiden [lo, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 201, vorwiegend solche aus der Aporphin-und Tetrahydroisochinolin-Alkaloid-Reihe, eine Diazepin-Verbindung (Squamolon) [21] sowie Terpenderivate [14, 221 isoliert wurden, konnte das kardiotone Wirkprinzip der Blattdroge bisher nicht lokalisiert werden. Heruntergeladen von: Universite Laval. Urheberrechtlich geschützt.