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This study investigates the effect of freezing rates on the spermatological parameters of frozen and thawed Saanen goat semen. Equilibrated semen was frozen at 4 different freezing rates from +5 °C to -150 °C (G10: 10 °C/min, G12: 12 °C/min, G15: 15 °C/min, and G24: 24 °C/min) and stored in liquid nitrogen until use. Semen samples were examined for sperm motility, defective acrosomes (FITC-PSA), and DNA integrity using TUNEL after dilution with extender A at equilibration and postthaw stage. There was no significant difference among the freezing stages in terms of DNA fragmentation (P > 0.05). DNA integrity was partially affected by the freezing rate. The increase of freezing rate from 10 °C/min to 24 °C/min between +5 °C and -150 °C resulted in higher postthaw DNA damage. The study found that the freeze-thawing process is detrimental to postthawed goat semen motility (P < 0.05), acrosome integrity (P < 0.05), and DNA integrity (P > 0.05). Although the freezing rates used in the present study had no effect on postthaw sperm motility and acrosome integrity (P > 0.05), sperm DNA integrity was affected.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between the routine semen analyses and sperm DNA integrity, as assesed by TUNEL in fresh semen of rams in Kivircik and Awassi breeds in breeding season. Semen was collected by electro-ejaculation five times every other day. For that purpose, 50 fresh ejaculates from 6 Kivircik and 4 Awassi rams were evaluated. The mean percentages of semen volume, concentration, mass activity, motility, acrosomal defects, HOST and DNA fragmentation of Kivircik and Awassi rams were 1.3 ml, 1.9 x109, 3.3 (0-5 scale), 72.6%, 13.2%, 73.6%, 16.2% and 1.0 ml, 1.9 x109, 3.3 (0-5 scale), 72.5%, 11.1%, 77.9%, 15.9%; respectively (P>0.05). Sperm DNA fragmentation was correlated adversely with semen volume (r = -0.329, P<0.05), concentration (r = -0.188, P>0.05), mass activity (r = -0.349, P<0.05), motility (r = -0.448, P<0.01), acrosomal defects (r = -0.103, P>0.05) and HOS test (r = -0.513, P<0.01). This study provided clear evidence that most of the parameters evaluated herein related to DNA fragmentation at one point or the other. Hence, DNA structure evaluation of sperm might be a useful tool for accurate prediction of the male fertility in individual rams. Keywords: Ram, Fresh semen, DNA fragmentation Koçlarda Taze Sperma Parametreleri ve DNA Bütünlüğü Arasındaki İlişkilerin Araştırılması ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, Kıvırcık ve İvesi ırkı koçlardan alınan spermaların, sezon içerisinde rutin sperma analizleri ve TUNEL ile yapılan sperm DNA bütünlüğü arasındaki korelasyonu değerlendirmektir. Sperma elektro-ejakülasyon yöntemiyle 5 kez ve birer gün aralıklarla alındı. Bu amaçla; 6 baş Kıvırcık ve 4 baş İvesi ırkı koçtan alınan 50 ejakülat değerlendirildi. Kıvırcık ve İvesi ırkı koçların ortalama sperma hacmi, konsantrasyonu, mass aktivitesi, motilitesi, akrozomal bozukluğu, HOST ve DNA fragmantasyonu yüzdeleri sırasıyla 1.3 ml, 1.9 x109, 3.3 (0-5 skala), %72.6, %13.2, %73.6, %16.2 ve 1.0 ml, 1.9 x109, 3.3 (0-5 skala), %72.5, %11.1, %77.9 ve %15.9 olarak bulundu. Sperm DNA fragmantasyonu; sperma hacmi (r = -0.329, P<0.05), sperma konsantrasyonu (r = -0.188, P>0.05), mass aktivite (r = -0.349, P<0.05), motilite (r = -0.448, P<0.01), akrozomal bozukluk (r = -0.103, P>0.05) ve HOS testi (r= -0.513, P<0.01) ile negatif korelasyon gösterdi. Bu çalışma, değerlendirilen çoğu parametrenin DNA fragmantasyonu ile bağlantılı olduğunu açıkça gösterdi. Dolayısıyla, DNA yapısının incelenmesi her bir koç ejakülatının fertilitesinin doğru olarak tespit edilmesi konusunda faydalı olabilir.