Inadequate absorption of colostral IgG in calves increases the risk of morbidity and death and is an important source of economic loss to the dairy industry. We hypothesized that an increased rate of abomasal emptying in colostrum-fed calves would be associated with an increased apparent efficiency of absorption (AEA) of colostral IgG. This is because an increase in abomasal emptying rate causes IgG to reach the site of absorption in the small intestine earlier and at a higher luminal concentration. The main objective was, therefore, to determine the association between the AEA of colostral IgG and abomasal emptying rate in neonatal calves. Twenty-four neonatal Holstein-Friesian calves were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: control, 2 mL of 0.9% NaCl intramuscularly; erythromycin, 8.8 mg/kg of body weight intramuscularly; ivermectin, 200 μg/kg intravenously; and gentamicin, 6.6 mg/kg intramuscularly. These treatments were selected because we have previously demonstrated that erythromycin and ivermectin increase, and gentamicin decreases, the rate of abomasal emptying in milk-fed calves. Calves were fed 3 L of pooled cow colostrum containing acetaminophen (50mg/kg of body weight) by oroesophageal intubation at 1h of age and 30 min after each treatment was administered. Jugular venous blood samples were obtained periodically after the start of feeding. Abomasal emptying rate was assessed by the time to maximal plasma acetaminophen concentration. Erythromycin increased and gentamicin decreased the abomasal emptying rate and AEA of colostral IgG compared with control, respectively, whereas ivermectin had no effect. Using data from all 24 calves, the AEA of colostral IgG was linearly and negatively associated with abomasal emptying rate (R(2)=0.22). We conclude that the abomasal emptying rate is an important determinant of the AEA of colostral IgG. Identifying a non-antimicrobial method for increasing abomasal emptying rate will provide a practical and effective method for facilitating transfer of passive immunity in colostrum-fed dairy calves.
Background: Neospora caninum is protozoan parasitic disease now described as the major cause of abortion and other reproductive issues. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of N. caninum in cattle breeds of the Sistan region, southeastern border area of Iran.
Methods: Using an ELISA kit (ID.VET, France), the antibodies against N. caninum in cattle of Sistan was evaluated in 2016. Overall, 184 blood samples from apparently healthy cattle in the eastern border area of Iran Sistan were collected for assessment of antibodies against N. caninum. The values greater than or equal to 50%, were considered positive based on manufacture’s manual for ELASA kit.
Results: 3.8% of 184 cattle have antibody against N. caninum. Chi-square test showed that the seroprevalence among Holsteins, Sistan and cross-breed was 9.4%, 0%, and 4.3%, respectively. No significant difference was observed among the breeds (P>0.05). The seroprevalence was decreased as the age of cow increased and there is no significant difference between the prevalence of N. caninum and different city area. No statistically significant relationship between the seroprevalence of N. caninum and history of abortion, lactation number and infertility was observed. Although there was no significant difference between the cattle breeds of the Sistan region all the Sistani cows were negative for the antibody against N. caninum.
Conclusion: Infection rate with N. caninum in bovine population in Sistan region is very low. Environmental and management factors are the major causes, which influence the regional prevalence.
Aim:Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a newly emerging virus in Simbu group that 1st time is reported in 2011 in Germany and now spread to Europe. The clinical signs of infection to this virus are fever, loss of appetite, reduced milk yield and in some cases, diarrhea and in pregnant animals congenital malformations in calves, lambs, and kid goats.Materials and Methods:In this study for a serologic survey of SBV, blood samples from 200 horse in different rural areas of the northern and northeast of Iran with the high equine population collected and were analyzed using an indirect ELISA test.Results:Based on our results 5% (n=10) of total 200 samples were positive for SBV antibody and 2% (n=4) was doubtful and 93% (n=186) was negative. There were no significant differences between age and sex and breed properties (p>0.05).Conclusion:This study demonstrated the presence of antibodies against the SBV on horse populations in Iran. The high population and activity of Culicoides biting midges and their proper living conditions, especially the areas of temperate and humid environmental conditions, are the possible causes of arboviruses related diseases seen in this country.
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