Aim:Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a newly emerging virus in Simbu group that 1st time is reported in 2011 in Germany and now spread to Europe. The clinical signs of infection to this virus are fever, loss of appetite, reduced milk yield and in some cases, diarrhea and in pregnant animals congenital malformations in calves, lambs, and kid goats.Materials and Methods:In this study for a serologic survey of SBV, blood samples from 200 horse in different rural areas of the northern and northeast of Iran with the high equine population collected and were analyzed using an indirect ELISA test.Results:Based on our results 5% (n=10) of total 200 samples were positive for SBV antibody and 2% (n=4) was doubtful and 93% (n=186) was negative. There were no significant differences between age and sex and breed properties (p>0.05).Conclusion:This study demonstrated the presence of antibodies against the SBV on horse populations in Iran. The high population and activity of Culicoides biting midges and their proper living conditions, especially the areas of temperate and humid environmental conditions, are the possible causes of arboviruses related diseases seen in this country.
One of the serious problems faced by health and food security is the spread of drug-resistant zoonotic aquatic bacterial pathogens. For this reason, identification and application of new antibacterial agents are required. In this study, inhibitory effects of thiazole, imidazolidine and tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives and silver/polyvinyl alcohol (Ag/PVA) nanocomposites were evaluated against three important zoonotic fish bacterial pathogens namely Streptococcus iniae, Edwardsiella tarda and Aeromonas hydrophila. Ag/PVA nanocomposite was found to inhibit growth of all tested bacteria, the highest activity was observed against S. iniae with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 256 μg ml-1 and inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 10.2 mm. No inhibitory effects were observed with imidazolidines10a-c, tetrahydropyrimidines 10d-e and thiazoles 6a-c. Among heterocyclic compounds, only thiazole derivatives 6d and 8 had inhibitory effects onS. iniae and E. tarda with MIC values of 32-256 μg ml-1 but lacked antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila.
Background:
Acinetobacter baumannii is a common infectious agent in hospitals. New antimicrobial agents are identified and prepared to combat these bacterial pathogens. In this context, the blocking potentials of a series of synthesized N-heterocyclic compounds, Cu/Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposites, glycine, poly-L-lysine, nisin and hydroalcoholic extracts of Trachyspermum ammi, Curcuma longa and green tea catechins were evaluated against non-resistant and multidrug-resistant strains of A. baumannii. Methods: Solutions of heterocyclic derivatives and hydroalcoholic extracts of Trachyspermum ammi, Curcuma longa and green tea catechins were prepared at initial concentration of 10240 μg ml-1 in 10% DMSO. Other compounds were dissolved in water at the same concentrations. Their in vitro inhibitory activity was assessed by determination of IZD, MIC and MBC values. Results: Glycine, poly-L-lysine, nisin, Curcuma longa and green tea catechins extracts, and thiazoles 3a, 3d and 3f were ineffective at their initial concentrations. Heterocyclic derivatives 7a-f, 3c, 3e and 3h, Cu/Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposites and Trachyspermum ammi extract could block the growth of bacterial strains with IZDs (7.40-15.51 mm), MICs (32-1024 µg ml-1) and MBCs (128-2048 µg ml-1). Conclusion: Among synthetic chemicals and natural products, the best antimicrobial effects were recorded with (E)-2-(5-acetyl-4-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2-(thiazolidin-2-ylidene)acetonitrile (7b) and the extract of Trachyspermum ammi. It is imperative that their toxic and histopathologic effects were assessed in future researches. It is predicted that the essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi will improve its antibacterial activities.
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