This study involved 60 cows aged 1.9 to 13 years (mean 4.8 ± 2.3 years) with type-3 abomasal ulcer. The most common clinical signs were, in decreasing order of frequency, partial or complete anorexia (98%), obtunded demeanour (95%), decreased skin surface temperature (78%), congested scleral vessels (73%), abdominal guarding (61%), tachypnoea (58%), fever (58%) and tachycardia (55%). One or more concomitant disorders were diagnosed in 86% of the cows. The most common abnormal laboratory findings were hypokalaemia (75%), shortened glutaraldehyde test time (46%) and hyperfibrinogenaemia (43%). The diagnosis of type-3 abomasal ulcer was made in all cows during laparotomy and/or at postmortem examination. Forty-eight (80%) cows were euthanased immediately after the initial examination, during laparotomy or after unsuccessful treatment. Twelve (20%) cows were treated with a solution of sodium chloride and glucose administered via an indwelling jugular catheter, antibiotics, metamizole or flunixin, and discharged from the clinic. Ten cows were still in production two years later.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Objective To describe the clinical signs, conservative treatment, and short‐ and long‐term outcomes of lateral radioulnar subluxation in cattle. Animals Three cattle with lateral radioulnar subluxation. Study design Case series. Methods One 3‐year‐old Red Holstein cow, one 2‐year‐old Red Holstein cow, and one 9‐month‐old Holstein heifer were presented with acute, grade greater than 3 of 5, mixed lameness in one forelimb. Clinical, radiographic, and ultrasonographic examination results revealed radioulnar subluxation with lateral displacement in all cases. Results The subluxations were manually reduced under general anesthesia by simultaneous maximum flexion of the elbow and carpal joints, medial rotation of the forearm, and application of strong pressure to the radial head and olecranon. The short‐term clinical outcome after stall rest was excellent in all three cases. Clinical and radiographic follow‐up examinations were performed at varying intervals, with a final on‐farm examination in all three cattle 12, 7, and 9 months after reduction. Osteoarthritic changes were visible in all three cases, mainly at the medial humeral trochlea, but lameness had completely resolved in all three animals. Conclusion Conservative management of lateral radioulnar subluxation had an excellent clinical outcome in all three cattle. Follow‐up radiographs revealed osseous proliferation mainly in the region of the medial trochlea of the humerus and subtle signs of osteoarthritic changes. Clinical significance Lateral radio‐ulnar subluxation is a rare but possibly underdiagnosed cause of lameness in cattle. It should be part of the differential diagnosis in cattle with elbow joint pain.