This study evaluated the dry matter production and chemical composition of Brachiaria forage grasses in the offseason after corn harvest in integrated crop-livestock system. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Goiás, Rio Verde Campus, using a randomized complete block experimental design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the forages: Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu; Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraes; Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piata; Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG-4; Brachiaria decumbens and Brachiaria ruziziensis, intercropped in oversown corn for implantation of integrated crop-livestock system. The results showed that intercropping corn with Brachiaria grasses favors the production of high-quality forage in the offseason, and the cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria decumbens showed higher dry matter production. And cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha (Marandu palisadegrass, Xaraes palisadegrass and Piata palisadegrass) are the most suitable for presenting food of better quality, compared with Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG-4, Brachiaria decumbens and Brachiaria ruziziensis.

ABSTRACT.Recently it has emerged a technique for silage production of intercropping systems of annual crop with forage through crop-livestock integration, aiming to reduce the deficit forage in the offseason. The study was conducted to evaluate the fermentation characteristics and nutritional value of silage of sorghum and Urochloa brizantha cultivars monocropped or intercropped in different planting systems. The experiment was a randomized block design, with three replications, in a 3x2+4 factorial arrangement, with three cultivars of Urochloa brizantha (Marandu; Xaraes and Piata) intercropped with grain sorghum in two planting systems (row and between rows) and four monocrops (Sorghum, Marandu palisadegrass, Xaraes palisadegrass and Piatã palisadegrass). The planting system of intercropping systems did not interfere with fermentation characteristics and chemical composition of silages. The same was found for Urochloa cultivars. Silages from intercropping sorghum with Urochloa brizantha cultivars had lower pH values, buffering capacity, acetic and butyric acids and higher values of lactic acid, besides showed superior quality, as for the parameters dry matter, ether extract and total digestible nutrient than silages from grasses produced in monocropping system. Therefore, silages of intercropping systems ensure fermentation and nutritional quality, providing interesting supplementary bulky options to be used in the offseason for feeding animals.Keywords: conservation, digestibility, fermentation, crop-livestock integration.Qualidade de silagem de sorgo e cultivares de Urochloa brizantha em monocultivo e consorciado em diferentes sistemas de semeadura RESUMO. Surgiu recentemente a técnica de produção de silagem de sistemas consorciados de cultura anual e forrageira tropical, na integração lavoura-pecuária, com intuito de minimizar déficit de forragens na entressafra. Sendo assim, objetivou-se avaliar as características fermentativas e valor nutritivo da silagem de sorgo e cultivares de Urochloa brizantha em monocultivo e consorciado em diferentes sistemas de semeadura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de bloco ao acaso, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial 3x2+4, sendo três cultivares de Urochloa brizantha (Marandu, Xaraés e Piatã), consorciadas com sorgo granífero em dois sistemas de semeadura (linha e entrelinha) e quatro monocultivos (Sorgo, Marandu, Xaraés e Piatã). A forma de semeadura dos sistemas consorciados não interferiu nas características fermentativas e químico-bromatológicas das silagens. O mesmo foi obtido para cultivares de Urochloa brizantha. As silagens do consórcio do sorgo com cultivares de Urochloa brizantha apresentaram menores valores de pH, capacidade tampão, N-NH 3 , ácido acético e butírico e maior ácido lático, além da qualidade superior, quanto aos parâmetros matéria seca, extrato etéreo e nutrientes digestíveis totais. Portanto, silagens dos sistemas consorciados garantem adequado processo fermentativo e qualidade nutricional, constituindo interessantes opções de volum...

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of diet supplementation with live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on ruminal parameters, nutrient digestibility, and the inflammatory response in cattle fed grain-based diets. Three Holstein steers (body weight of 497±3 kg) with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The animals were kept in individual pens and fed a diet containing 5% sugarcane bagasse and 95% concentrate (906.5 g/kg ground corn). Diet treatments were Control (without additive), Yeast (1.5 g/kg DM live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, NCYC 996) and MOS (1.5 g/kg DM MOS, β-glucans and mannan). Dry matter intake, ruminal, intestinal, and total digestibility of nutrients were not affected by the treatments. The ruminal concentration of isobutyric acid increased in animals fed on diets supplemented with Yeast and MOS, whereas isovaleric acid increased with Yeast and decreased with MOS supplementation. Dietary supplementation with Yeast and MOS increased pH and decreased ammonia concentration in the rumen. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations in the rumen and duodenal fluid were not influenced by the additives. However, both Yeast and MOS decreased the plasma levels of LPS and serum amyloid A (SAA). In conclusion, when high-concentrate diets fed to beef cattle are supplemented with either Yeast or MOS, ruminal pH is increased, LPS translocation into the blood stream is decreased, and blood SAA concentration is decreased. These factors reduce the inflammation caused by consumption of grain-based diets, and either supplement could be used to improve the rumen environment in beef cattle susceptible to ruminal subacute acidosis.

This study evaluated the digestibility of nutrients by, and parameters associated with, in vitro fermentation using different inocula (sheep ruminal fluid and feces) as well as the in vivo digestibility in sheep that were fed rations with 50% concentrate containing either no (0%) residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp (RETP) or 15% RETP. To determine the in vitro digestibility (IVD) of nutrients, two sheep, weighing 40.38 ± 2.10 kg, were used as inoculum donors. To determine the in vivo digestibility of nutrients, we used four sheep and a 3×2 factorial experimental design, with three methods of digestion of nutrients and two experimental rations (0% and 15% RETP). The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and the variables that showed differences at 5% probability were further analyzed using the Tukey test at 5% significance. The IVD using different inocula did not significantly differ (p>0.05) from the in vivo digestibility in sheep for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The different methods for determining nutrient digestibility did not affect (p>0.05) the digestibility of DM, OM, crude protein (CP), NDF, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in rations with 0% and 15% RETP. However, the IVD of CP for rations containing 0% and 15% RETP incubated with both inocula was lower (p<0.05) than the CP digestibility in vivo. The in vivo digestibility of ADF for rations containing 0% and 15% RETP was higher (P<0.05) than the IVD using sheep ruminal fluid and feces as inocula. The pH values and concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) after in vitro incubation for 24 h and the in vivo assay were not different (p>0.05) for the rations containing 0% and 15% RETP, but the pH and NH 3 -N of both fermented and rumen contents differed (p<0.05) depending on the inocula used and the in vivo assay. In summary, the digestibility of DM, OM, and NDF can be determined by the in vitro fermentation method using the ruminal fluid or feces of sheep as inocula in rations containing 0% or 15% RETP. However, in vitro fermentation is not a suitable method for the determination of pH and NH 3 -N concentration. ResumoAvaliou-se a digestibilidade de nutrientes e os paramentos da fermentação in vitro com diferentes inóculos (líquido ruminal e fezes de ovinos) e in vivo em ovinos de rações com 50% de concentrado contendo 0% (ausência) ou 15% de resíduo da extração da polpa de tamarindo (REPT). Para a determinação da digestão in vitro dos nutrientes foram utilizados dois ovinos com peso corporal médio de 40,38 kg ± 2,10 kg, como doadores de inóculo e para a determinação da digestibilidade in vivo dos nutrientes foram utilizados quatro ovinos por tratamentos distribuídos em duas rações experimentais com 0% e 15% de REPT. O delineamento experimental foi fatorial 3X2, três métodos de digestão dos nutrientes e duas rações experimentais com 0 e 15% de REPT. As variáveis estudadas foram submetidas à análise de variância e para as variáveis que apresentaram diferença a 5% de probabilidade proce...

ResumoObjetivou-se com este ensaio observar a influência da altura de corte da planta de milho, associada ou não a um inoculante enzimo-bacteriano, sobre a composição químico-bromatológica e digestibilidade das silagens avaliadas em ovinos. Os tratamentos foram silagens de milho colhidas a 20 e 40 centímetros acima do nível do solo, com ou sem inoculante. Utilizou-se como inoculante o aditivo Maize-All ® . As variáveis analisadas na silagem foram pH, matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, hemicelulose, celulose, lignina e carboidratos não fibrosos. No ensaio de digestibilidade, avaliou-se a digestibilidade aparente da MS, MO, PB, EE, FDN, FDA, Hem e CNF. Observou-se com a elevação da altura de corte redução na concentração de lignina, o milho colhido a 20 cm apresentou uma concentração superior ao colhido a 40 cm, verificando-se concentrações de 84,0 g. kg -1 MS e 69,3 g. kg -1 MS, respectivamente, não havendo efeito da inoculação. Não foi observado efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre as digestibilidades. A elevação da altura de corte apresentou alteração apenas nas concentrações de lignina. No entanto, essa redução de lignina não influenciou nas digestibilidades e consequentemente não alterou as concentrações de NDT. Palavras-chave: aditivo; corte alto; enzimas. AbstractThe objective of this experiment was to observe the influence of the height of corn plant cutting, associated or not with an enzyme-bacterial inoculant or not, on the chemical composition and digestibility of the silage in sheep. The cut heights were 20 and 40 centimeters above the soil. The additive inoculant was Maize-All ® . We analyzed on silage: pH; dry matter; organic matter; crude protein; ether extract; neutral detergent fiber; acid detergent fiber; hemicellulose; cellulose; lignin; and non-fibrous carbohydrates. At the digestibility trial we evaluated apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, Hem, Cel and NCF. We observed that a high cut reduced lignin value. The

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