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It is important to know about overweight and obesity situation of Brazilian children and adolescents. The present study aims to update scientific production, through a systematic review, on the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in Brazilian children and adolescents. Nine databases were verified, and 1,316 references were examined from 2018 to 2019. The electronic search was conducted by three independent researchers. All review steps followed a strategy based on PRISMA. 40 studies were included in this systematic review. Most studies use the World Health Organization classification criteria. The prevalence of overweight in Brazilian children and adolescents varies from 8.8% to 22.2% (boys: 6.2% to 21%; girls: 6.9% to 27.6%). The prevalence of obesity varied from 3.8% to 24% (boys: 2.4% to 28.9%; girls: 1.6% to 19.4%). It was observed that the socioeconomic factors (sex, skin color, economic level, region, mother's educational level, living in a rented house and without access to the internet), hereditary/genetic (family history of dyslipidemia and overweight and rs9939609 genotype) and behavioral (physical activity, screen time, eating habits, perceived body weight, health vulnerability, presence of a result close to home, alcoholic beverages, cigarette consumption) were associated with the outcome. It is concluded that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Brazilian children and adolescents are worrisome and most of the factors associated with the outcomes are subject to change from the adoption of a healthy lifestyle.

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Objetivo: Analisar quais indicadores antropométricos melhor predizem a pressão arterial elevada (PAE) em adolescentes. Método: Participaram 202 escolares (51,5% do sexo masculino). Foram coletadas medidas antropométricas de massa corporal, estatura e perímetro da cintura e aferida a pressão arterial (sistólica e diastólica). Utilizou-se a área sob a curva ROC para verificar o poder diagnóstico dos indicadores antropométricos - índice de massa corporal (IMC), perímetro da cintura (PerC), razão cintura/estatura (RCE) e índice de conicidade (ÍndiceC) - na PAE, além dos respectivos valores de sensibilidade e especificidade. Resultados: No sexo feminino o ÍndiceC, com ponto de corte de 1,06, foi o melhor preditor da PAE. No sexo masculino IMC, PerC e RCE, com pontos de corte de 22,1 kg/ m², 67,5cm e 0,44cm, respectivamente, são possíveis preditores da PAE, com destaque para o PerC. Conclusões: O ÍndiceC para o sexo feminino e o PerC para o sexo masculino foram os indicadores antropométricos mais indicados na predição da PAE.

Handgrip strength is considered an important health indicator. It is extremely important to establish normative values so that the handgrip strength is correctly interpreted in adolescents. The present study aims to establish normative values of handgrip strength (HGS) for adolescents, according to chronological age and sexual maturation.Methods: Data from three large projects carried out in Florianopolis and São José, Santa Catarina were used, corresponding to a sample of 2,637 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years old of both sexes (1,428 girls). The HGS of the right and left hands was measured by a manual dynamometer, and total HGS being defined by the sum of the left hand and the right-hand strength. Sexual maturation was determined by the development of pubic hair. The percentiles 3, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 85, 90, and 97 were calculated for the right, left, and total HGS. The percentile ranges < p15 (low), p15-p85 (normal) and > p85 (high) were used. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied. Results: In boys, the mean total HGS ranged from 67.5 ± 16.5 to 86.9 ± 21.8 (p < 0.001) and 74.3 ± 17.5 to 82.2 ± 17.8 (p < 0.001) for age and sexual maturation, respectively, while in girls the mean HGS total ranged from 48.8 ± 11.3 to 56.4 ± 16.0 (p = 0.127) and 47.8 ± 10.6 to 54.3 ± 12.3 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Reference values established by the percentile score, can be used to identify adolescents with better athletic condition and can be useful for prescribing exercises.

Several different instruments available on the market have been used for the estimation of body fat. However, many of these instruments have not been compared with reference criteria to verify their true accuracy. This study aimed to verify the validity of a bioelectrical impedance scale (OMRON-514C) for the estimation of body fat. Forty-four overweight adolescents (25 females) participated in this study, with an average age of 12.3 ± 1.1 years. All were submitted to body fat evaluations by air displacement plethysmography and bioelectrical impedance. Higher values of relative and absolute body fat were estimated by bioelectrical impedance compared to plethysmography (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the relative body fat measurements between the two methods (r = 0.185; p = 0.228). The absolute measurements of body fat were correlated (r = 0.497, p = 0.001). Both in the measurements of relative (p= 0.034) and absolute body fat (p = 0.021), the bioelectrical impedance overestimated the measured values. Thus, in adolescents with characteristics similar to the present study, the estimate of body fat by the bioelectrical impedance (OMRON-514C) should be used with caution.Keywords: plethysmography, bioelectrical impedance, adolescents, overweight.

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