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ResumoObjetivos: Identifi car a prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal e de sintomas de anorexia e bulimia em adolescentes do sexo feminino da cidade de Santa Maria (RS) e verifi car a associação da insatisfação com a imagem corporal, estado nutricional, adiposidade corporal e sintomas de anorexia e bulimia. Método: Foram analisadas 258 adolescentes do sexo feminino (11 a 13 anos), estudantes de escolas públicas. Aplicou-se o Body Shape Questionnaire e o Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (EAT-26). Foram calculados o índice de massa corporal e o percentual de gordura. Foram utilizados o teste quiquadrado e a regressão logística. Resultados: A prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal foi de 25,3% e a de sintomas de anorexia e bulimia foi de 27,6%. A insatisfação com a imagem corporal apresentou associação com o estado nutricional, sendo que as adolescentes com excesso de peso apresentaram maior insatisfação (razão de chances = 2,64; intervalo de confi ança de 95% 1,02-6,83). Conclusões: As prevalências de insatisfação corporal e sintomas de anorexia e bulimia foram elevadas. O estado nutricional parece ser o melhor preditor da insatisfação corporal. Descritores: Imagem corporal, anorexia, bulimia, antropometria. AbstractObjectives: To identify the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction and anorexia and bulimia symptoms in adolescent girls from the city of Santa Maria, Brazil, and to determine the association of body image dissatisfaction with nutritional status, body fat, and anorexia and bulimia symptoms. Method: We investigated 258 adolescent girls (11 to 13 years) from public schools. The Body Shape Questionnaire and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) were used. Body mass index and percent body fat were calculated. The chi-square test and logistic regression were used. Results: The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction was 25.3% and the prevalence of anorexia and bulimia symptoms was 27.6%. Body image dissatisfaction was associated with nutritional status, with overweight girls presenting higher dissatisfaction (OR = 2.64; 95%CI 1.02-6.83). Conclusions:The prevalence rates of body image dissatisfaction and anorexia and bulimia symptoms were high. Nutritional status seems to be a better predictor of body image dissatisfaction.

Motivos e prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal em adolescentesReasons and prevalence of body image dissatisfaction in adolescents (masculino = 54,5%, feminino = 65,7%; p < 0,05 (anorexia, bulimia and vigorexia).

ResumoIntrodução: O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a associação entre insatisfação com a imagem corporal e dois indicadores de estado nutricional em universitários brasileiros, assim como identificar o melhor preditor de insatisfação com a imagem corporal em universitários brasileiros. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 256 universitários (128 homens). Foram coletados dados demográficos (sexo e idade), antropométricos (massa corporal, estatura e espessura de dobras cutâneas) e de imagem corporal (silhueta atual e silhueta ideal). O índice de massa corporal (< 18,5 ou ≥ 25,0 kg/m² = inadequado) e o somatório de espessura de cinco dobras cutâneas (≤ 30 ou ≥ 62 e ≤ 43 ou ≥ 76 mm = inadequado, para homens e mulheres, respectivamente) foram derivados subseqüentemente. A análise incluiu estatística descritiva, teste de proporção, qui-quadrado e regressão logística. Resultados: A média de idade dos indivíduos foi de 23,1 anos (desvio padrão = 5,3), e a freqüência de insatisfeitos com a imagem corporal foi de 78,8%. A insatisfação com a imagem corporal não se associou ao sexo e ao índice de massa corporal. A análise multivariada demonstrou que a odds ratio associada ao somatório de espessura de cinco dobras cutâneas inadequado foi de 2,56. Conclusão: O índice de massa corporal não foi determinante de insatisfação com a imagem corporal, enquanto o somatório de espessura de cinco dobras cutâneas mostrou-se um preditor significativo desse distúrbio, independentemente do sexo. Descritores: Imagem corporal, estado nutricional, estudantes, auto-imagem. AbstractIntroduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between body image dissatisfaction and two indicators of nutritional status in Brazilian university students, and also to identify the best predictor of body image dissatisfaction in Brazilian university students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 256 university students (128 males). Data were collected on demographics (age and sex), anthropometrics (body mass, stature and skinfold thickness), and body image (current silhouette and ideal silhouette). Body mass index (< 18.5 or ≥ 25.0 kg/m² = abnormal) and the sum of five skinfolds (≤ 30 or ≥ 62 and ≤ 43 or ≥ 76 mm = abnormal, for men and women, respectively) were then calculated. The analysis included descriptive statistics, proportionality testing, chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: Mean age of the sample was 23.1 years (standard deviation = 5.3) and the frequency of body image dissatisfaction was 78.8%. Body image dissatisfaction was not associated with sex or body mass index. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the odds ratio for abnormal sum of five skinfolds was 2.56. Conclusion: Body mass index was not a determinant of body image dissatisfaction, whereas the sum of five skinfolds proved to be a significant predictor of this disorder, irrespective of sex.

Body image dissatisfaction among rural and urban adolescents To identify the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction among adolescents living in rural and urban areas, and to analyze the influence of demographic and anthropometric variables on body image dissatisfaction. A total of 629 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years from urban and rural areas participated in the study. Demographic variables (gender, age, area of residence), anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, skinfold thickness) and body image data were collected. BMI (underweight: <18,5 kg/m²; normal weight: between 18,5 and 25,0 kg/m²; overweight: > 25 kg/m²) and the sum of two skinfold thicknesses, Σ2SF (girls: low: <16 mm, ideal: between 16 and 36 mm, high: >36 mm; boys: low: <12 mm, ideal: between 12 and 25 mm, high: >25 mm) were then calculated. The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction was similar (p≥0,05) among rural (64,2%) and urban adolescents (62,8%). Boys wished to increase the size of their body silhouette (41,3%), whereas girls wished to reduce it (50,5%) (p<0,001). Adolescents with low and excess weight based on BMI and with high Σ2SF presented a 3,14, 8,45 and 2,08 times higher chance of body image dissatisfaction, respectively. A high prevalence of body image dissatisfaction was observed among adolescents from rural and urban areas. An unhealthy nutritional status and body adiposity increase the chances of body image dissatisfaction. These findings emphasize the social pressure on girls to remain slim and on boys to attain an athletic body.

This article seeks to determine the prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image and its association with socio-demographic factors and nutritional status among adolescents. The following socio-demographic data, anthropometric variables, and perception of body image (n = 660) were collected. The prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image was 71.4%. Girls wished to reduce the size of their body silhouette, whereas boys wished to increase it. The desire to reduce body size was positively associated with female gender, with increased waist circumference and with excess weight. On the other hand, the desire to increase body size was negatively associated with the female gender and waist circumference, and was positively associated with ages 16, 17 and 18 + 19 years. Dissatisfaction with body image is highly prevalent among adolescents, though it is manifested differently in boys and girls. Increased abdominal fat, excess weight and female gender were predictors of dissatisfaction due to excess weight, and male gender and advanced age were predictors of dissatisfaction due to thinness.

Physical fitness (PF) is considered an excellent biomarker of health. One possible strategy to improve PF levels is active commuting. This review, performed accordingly to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines includes scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals up to December 2019 that aim at examining the relationship between active travel/commuting and PF. The search was performed in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). Sixteen studies were included in this review. Findings from the 16 studies were unclear. From the eleven studies on children and adolescents screened, eight were cross-sectional, one prospective cohort, one quasi-experimental, and one experimental. From the five studies on adults, four were experimental and one cross-sectional. Body mass, waist circumference, skinfolds, fat mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, upper and lower strength tests were performed in children, adolescents, and adults. Agility and speed tests were performed only in the young age groups. Majority of the investigations on young ages and adults have shown positive effects or relationships between active commuting and several attributes of PF. However, to avoid misconceptions, there is a need for future robust investigation to identify potential mediators or confounders in this relationship. More robust investigations are essential to understand how and whether decision-makers and public health authorities can use active travel/commuting as a strategy to improve PF in all ages.

Objective To determine the benefit of a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-rich cannabis oil on symptoms and quality of life of fibromyalgia patients. Methods A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted for eight weeks to determine the benefit of a THC-rich cannabis oil (24.44 mg/mL of THC and 0.51 mg/mL of cannabidiol [CBD]) on symptoms and quality of life of 17 women with fibromyalgia, residents of a neighborhood with a low socioeconomic profile and a high incidence of violence in the city of Florianopolis, Brazil. The initial dose was one drop (∼1.22 mg of THC and 0.02 mg of CBD) a day with subsequent increases according to symptoms. The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) was applied at pre- and postintervention moments and in five visits over eight weeks. Results There were no significant differences on baseline FIQ score between groups. However, after the intervention, the cannabis group presented a significant decrease in FIQ score in comparison with the placebo group (P = 0.005) and in comparison with cannabis group baseline score. (P &lt; 0.001). Analyzing isolated items on the FIQ, the cannabis group presented significant improvement on the “feel good,” “pain,” “do work,” and “fatigue” scores. The placebo group presented significant improvement on the “depression” score after intervention. There were no intolerable adverse effects. Conclusions Phytocannabinoids can be a low-cost and well-tolerated therapy to reduce symptoms and increase the quality of life of patients with fibromyalgia. Future studies are still needed to assess long-term benefits, and studies with different varieties of cannabinoids associated with a washout period must be done to enhance our knowledge of cannabis action in this health condition.