Purpose: To analyze risk factors and various nutrients associated with stunting among children aged 6-60 months. Methods: This is a case-control and cross-sectional study between 40 stunting cases and 40 controls. Data on possible risk factors associated with stunting were obtained through direct interviews and using a questionnaire. Examination of vitamin D, zinc, albumin, and ferritin levels was performed on both groups. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) to determine risk factors for stunting and to assess the relationship between nutritional levels and stunting. Results: The incidence of stunting was highest in children aged 12-36 months. Children with low weight and very low weight for age comprised of 55% and 22.5%, respectively, of the study participants. The highest mother's educational level was junior high school (40%). History of low birth weight (LBW) was more commonly observed in the stunting group than that in the control group (25.0% and 7.5%, respectively; p=0.034, odds ratio, 0.310 [95% confidence interval, 0.122-0.789]). Approximately 7.5% of cases had premature birth. Exclusive breast feeding was found to be not correlated with stunting. The mean zinc level in the stunting group was 34.17 ng/mL, which was different from that in the control group (50.83 ng/mL) (p=0.023). Blood ferritin, vitamin D, albumin, and calcium levels were not strongly correlated with stunting. Conclusion: LBW is the main risk factor contributing to stunting and is strongly associated with low zinc level.
BACKGROUND: Insufficient nutrition intake at the age of <2 years has an impact on decreasing physical growth and development. AIM: Analyzing the effect of giving Moringa leaves on pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers toward the social development of children aged 18–23 months in Jeneponto, South Sulawesi. METHODS: This study was a longitudinal study after supplementation for pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers with Moringa oleifera or folic acid, and iron. Research subjects were children whose was monitored from the age of 18–23 months in Jeneponto District. The number of samples that met the inclusion criteria at the age of 23 months was 344 children. The sample was divided into three groups: A group of children of mothers who got Moringa leaf powder supplements, iron-folic acid supplements, and Moringa leaf extract. Child development was measured using the denver development screening test. Data were analyzed statistically with Chi-square. RESULTS: There were 107 children (91.5%) with normal social-personal development in the Moringa leaves powder (MLP) group. This number was more than the children in the iron folic acid (IFA) group of 103 children (86.6%) and the Moringa leaves extract (MLE) group of 95 children (88.0%). Differences were also found in the social-personal development of children who were suspect in the IFA group more than children who were suspect in the MLP group or the MLE group. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in children’s social-personal development between the three study groups.
Introduction: Down Syndrome is a common chromosome abnormality among infants. This condition is Present in 1 over 800 deliveries. Advanced maternal age is a risk factor for Down syndrome. Other miscellaneous factors are radiation, infection, autoimmune and paternal age. The Aim is to determine maternal age distribution of Down syndrome at pediatric growth and development polyclinic, Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital. Methods: A Descriptive study. Study population was all outpatients at Pediatric Growth and Development polyclinic, Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital in Makassar 2015-2019. Samples in this study were collected from total sampling of population data that met the criteria of new Down syndrome patients with complete medical records Results: This study found 237 new pediatric down syndrome patients admitted to growth and development polyclinic from January 2015 – December 2019, 95 complete medical records from 237. 52% (49) boys, 48 % (46) girls from 95 children. No gender difference was found in the presentation. Parental age of Down syndrome patients, the most advanced maternal age was >35, found 46 (48,42%), the most advanced paternal age was >35, found 63 (66,32%). Parity < 3rd, the most maternal age between 25-35 (23,16%), parity > 3rd, the most maternal age was >34, found 30 (31,57%). Conclusion. Advance maternal and/ or paternal age is a risk factor of Down Syndrome.
Latar belakang. Kemampuan berbahasa merupakan indikator seluruh perkembangTujuan Penelitian. Mendapatkan gambaran umum pada anak dengan keterlambatan bicara/bahasa denganmenggunakan ELM scale 2.Metode. Penelitian deskriptif potong lintang dilakukan pada 49 anak berusia 1-36 bulan denganketerlambatan bicara di Poliklinik Tumbuh Kembang RSUP Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) dan RSIAHermina Bekasi, pada bulan September sampai Desember 2006.Hasil. Persentase anak dengan gangguan bicara ekspresif 22 (44,9%). Berdasarkan nilai persentil skor,terbanyak 30 (61,2%) mempunyai nilai basal pada auditori ekspresif < 2, dan 19 (38,8%) yang mempunyainilai persentil skor 2-98. Walaupun nilai ini berada pada rentang skor 2-98, anak yang mempunyai persentilskor 2,5,10 tetap didapatkan fail menurut umur pada rentang 75-90%( non critical item) penilaian ELMscale 2. Hal ini masih lebih baik dibanding jika anak mempunyai nilai skor standar <2 dengan keterlambatanjauh di bawah normal untuk umur yang sama.Kesimpulan. Dengan penilaian ELM scale 2 pada anak keterlambatan bicara, dapat jelas terlihatketerlambatan terjadi pada sektor Auditori Ekspresi (AE), Auditori Reseptif (AR) atau Visual. Point skoryang rendah pada Auditori Reseptif merupakan petunjuk perlunya pemeriksaan pendengaran pada anakketerlambatan bicara
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