BackgroundIndonesia reports the second highest dengue disease burden in the world; these data are from passive surveillance reports and are likely to be significant underestimates. Age-stratified seroprevalence data are relatively unbiased indicators of past exposure and allow understanding of transmission dynamics.Methodology/Principal FindingsTo better understand dengue infection history and associated risk factors in Indonesia, a representative population-based cross-sectional dengue seroprevalence study was conducted in 1–18-year-old urban children. From October to November 2014, 3,210 children were enrolled from 30 geographically dispersed clusters. Serum samples were tested for anti-dengue IgG antibodies by indirect ELISA. A questionnaire investigated associations between dengue serologic status and household socio-demographic and behavioural factors. Overall, 3,194 samples were tested, giving an adjusted national seroprevalence in this urban population of 69.4% [95% CI: 64.4–74.3] (33.8% [95% CI: 26.4–41.2] in the 1–4-year-olds, 65.4% [95% CI: 69.1–71.7] in the 5–9-year-olds, 83.1% [95% CI: 77.1–89.0] in the 10–14-year-olds, and 89.0% [95% CI: 83.9–94.1] in the 15–18-year–olds). The median age of seroconversion estimated through a linear model was 4.8 years. Using a catalytic model and considering a constant force of infection we estimated 13.1% of children experience a primary infection per year. Through a hierarchical logistic multivariate model, the subject’s age group (1–4 vs 5–9 OR = 4.25; 1–4 vs. 10–14 OR = 12.60; and 1–4 vs 15–18 OR = 21.87; p<0.0001) and the number of cases diagnosed in the household since the subject was born (p = 0.0004) remained associated with dengue serological status.Conclusions/SignificanceThis is the first dengue seroprevalence study in Indonesia that is targeting a representative sample of the urban paediatric population. This study revealed that more than 80% of children aged 10 years or over have experienced dengue infection at least once. Prospective incidence studies would likely reveal dengue burdens far in excess of reported incidence rates.

Introduction There is a high global incidence of typhoid fever, with an annual mortality rate of 200,000 deaths. Typhoid fever also affects younger children, particularly in resource-limited settings in endemic countries. Typhoid vaccination is an important prevention tool against typhoid fever. However, the available polysaccharide typhoid vaccines are not recommended for children under 2 years of age. A new typhoid conjugate Vi-diphtheria toxoid (Vi-DT) vaccine has been developed for infant immunization. We aimed to define the safety and immunogenicity of the Vi-DT vaccine among adults and children in Indonesia. Methods An observational, blinded, comparative, randomized, phase I safety study in two age de-escalating cohorts was conducted in East Jakarta, Indonesia, from April 2017 to February 2018. We enrolled 100 healthy subjects in 2 age groups: adults and children (18–40 and 2–5 years old). These groups were randomized into study groups (Vi-DT vaccine), and comparator groups (Vi-polysaccharide (Vi-PS) vaccine and another additional vaccine) which was administered in 4 weeks apart. Subjects were followed up to six months. Result One hundred healthy adults and children subjects completed the study. The Vi-DT and Vi-PS vaccines showed no difference in terms of intensity of any immediate local and systemic events within 30 minutes post-vaccination. Overall, pain was the most common local reaction, and muscle pain was the most common systemic reaction in the first 72 hours. No serious adverse events were deemed related to vaccine administration. The first and second doses of the Vi-DT vaccine induced seroconversion and higher geometric mean titers (GMT) in all subjects compared to that of baseline. However, in terms of GMT, the second dose of Vi-DT did not induce a booster response. Conclusion The Vi-DT vaccine is safe and immunogenic in adults and children older than two years. A single dose of the vaccine is able to produce seroconversion and high GMT in all individuals.

Latar belakang. Prevalensi bullying pada anak SD di Indonesia belum diketahui. Tujuan. Mengetahui gambaran dan prevalensi bullying, pemahaman pelajar mengenai istilah bullying, hubungan antara status bullying dengan masalah emosi, dan perilaku serta prestasi akademis. Metode. Penelitian potong lintang dengan subyek pelajar SD kelas V usia 9-11 tahun di SDN Cikini 02 Pagi dan SDS Tunas Bangsa pada bulan Oktober 2011. Bullying dinilai menggunakan Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire yang dimodifikasi, sedangkan masalah emosi dan perilaku dideteksi menggunakan self-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Prestasi akademis dinilai berdasarkan nilai rapor tengah semester. Hasil. Penelitian dilakukan pada 76 subyek dan didapatkan prevalensi bullying 89,5%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan jenis kelamin pada subyek yang terlibat dalam bullying. Sebagian besar subyek yang terlibat bullying berusia >9 tahun. Subyek dengan status sosio-ekonomi rendah cenderung menjadi korban, sedangkan subyek dengan status sosio-ekonomi menengah dan tinggi cenderung menjadi korban sekaligus pelaku. Tipe bullying tersering adalah fisik. Pelaku bullying terbanyak adalah teman sebaya. Bullying paling sering terjadi di ruang kelas pada waktu istirahat sekolah. Dampak bullying jangka pendek tersering yang dialami korban adalah perasaan sedih. Sebagian besar korban melaporkan bullying yang dialaminya kepada orang lain. Hanya 22% subyek yang mengetahui istilah bullying dengan tepat. Tidak didapatkan hubungan antara status bullying dengan masalah emosi dan perilaku maupun prestasi akademis. Kesimpulan. Prevalensi bullying pada murid kelas V SDN Cikini 02 Pagi dan SDS Tunas Bangsa 89,5%. Pemahaman tentang istilah bullying pada anak SD di Jakarta Pusat rendah. Tidak didapatkan hubungan antara status bullying dengan masalah emosi dan perilaku maupun prestasi akademis. Sari Pediatri 2013;15(3):174-80.Kata kunci: bullying, sekolah dasar, masalah emosi dan perilaku, prestasi akademis