The objective of the paper is to determine types of code-mixing and code-switching made by teachers and students in EFL cross cultural communication class and to identify reasons for the emergence of code-switching and mixing in the classroom. The data was obtained through observation and in-depth interviews of the second year students of undergraduate program of English in Tarbiyah Faculty, IAIN IB Padang. The finding showed that tag-switching, intra-sentential, inter-sentential, and intra-word were commonly used by EFL teachers and students in classroom. It was also found that the teachers used code-mixing and switching in the process of clarifying certain issues to make them more comprehensible to students. Teachers also do these kinds of switching during their attempt to promote relationship with students, to switch the topic, and to persuade or motivate students to be more engaged in learning English. Meanwhile, the students mix and switch their language to overcome their lack of knowledge of English. It is expected that this study provided empirical evidence to advise on their optimal uses in EFL teaching of State Institute for Islamic Studies.Copyright © 2014 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved

The learning process has changed totally since the implementation of the distance learning policy (Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh-PJJ). Lecturers and students are required to be able to optimize the internet. This article discusses the process of Maharah Qira’ah using e-learning in UIN Imam Bonjol Padang. This research is a qualitative study by describing data found in the field in depth. The data were collected through Google Forms, observation, distribution of questionnaires through Google Forms, and online interviews through social media and documentation. The results showed that the e-learning media used in Maharah Qira’ah classes are WhatsApp, Zoom, Youtube, Instagram, and Facebook applications, where Whatsapp is more significant than other media. In an effort to realize reading skills, the lecturers designed the lesson by demanding students to understand Qira'ah texts sent through WhatsApp Group, by writing new vocabulary found in the text, recording their readings, and sending them to WhatsApp Group, followed by solving 10 problems, and then discuss them with the lecturers and the other students. This study found that there is a shift in learning maharah qira’ah using e-learning from student center to media center. It means that the process depends on technology is more significant than dependence on teachers. This study also found that learning mahara qira'ah with conventional methods is more preferred by students than using e-learning. Although the teacher explains the material in depth and provides assignments that support student learning.

Teaching and learning process using mobile application becomes one of alternative tools to substitute face-to-face learning during Pandemic Covid-19. The lecture process during the period has been experienced since March 2020 until the end of the even semester of the academic year 2019/2020. There were various obstacles felt by lecturers and students in the courses. Under normal conditions, learning Arabic as a foreign language is still faced with various problems. Since, there are no specific studies in this issues that have been conducted by experts for Indonesian context, we are interested to identify the perception of students and lecturers on the quality of Arabic teaching and learning process. This research uses qualitative method where the sources of data are students and lecturers of Arabic language education study program Faculty of Islamic Studies, Muhammadiyah University of West Sumatra. The data collection taken from interview by phone. The finding showed that the students and lecturers' perceptions of the quality of the online learning process are negative. Then, students’ and lecturers' perceptions of the quality of online Arabic learning outcomes are negative.

This article related to a character education model aims to link the orientation of intra-curricular activities and extra-curricular activities, which are typically conducted separately. In this context, the built model is not to reproduce what has been taught in intra-curricular activities, which leads to inefficiencies. It is also not as a substitution where extra-curricular activities replaced intra-curricular activities based on the assumption of distrust in the process of character formation in intra-curricular activities. The model in the form of extra-curricular activities has a role in strengthening character education efforts performed in intra-curricular activities. This rises within the Islamic studies subject and Tahfidz Quran extra-curricular activity. By building the spirit of character education, the model creates the Quran as the primary foundation to the life philosophy of Minangkabau people in West Sumatra, “Adat Basandi Syara, Syara Basandi Kitabullah.” This model is derived from the research conducted in two senior high schools: SMAN 1 Padang Panjang and SMAN 1 Padang. The research uses qualitative methodology, and data are collected through observation, interview, and documentation. The results of the study are thematically analyzed in three main categories: the reinforcement patterns of the curriculum of Islamic Studies through Tahfidz Quran activities; students’ efforts in memorizing the Quran; and the impacts of Tahfidz program initiation on students’ character.

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This study aims to investigate code mixing and code switching used by English teachers in EFL classrooms. There are two major focuses in this study; the type of dominant code mixing and code switching used by the teachers. A qualitative study was used where the data were teachers’ language classroom gained by observing their classroom practices and utterances obtained through in-depth interviews. The result shows that there were three kinds of code mixing found in teachers’ and students’ utterances in EFL classroom. They were intra-sentential code mixing, intra-lexical code mixing, and pronunciation shifting. The study also found that there were four kinds of code switching found in teachers’ and students’ utterances. They were random mixing, English-Indonesian translation or vice versa, English precedes Indonesian or vice versa, and English sentences precede Indonesian sentences or vice versa. It indicated that code mixing and code switching cannot be separated in English language teaching and learning process. This study has proved that the English teachers used code mixing and code switching in teaching speaking in some types.

Foreign languages teachers in South East Asia have recently been encouraged to adopt an approach known as Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). This approach advocates the development of communicative competence as a main goal through the extensive use of the target language as a mean of communication during the classroom sessions. Since the concept of CLT is taken from the West, it might be illsuited to EFL contexts because of misunderstandings surrounding its theory and practice among EFL teachers. The objective of this paper is to determine the implementation of CLT approach in EFL teaching in Southeast Asia which is commonly reported by English teachers and researchers literally. The findings of the study provide pedagogical implication for EFL classroom practices.

<span>Leadership is one of the essential factors that can influence community involvement in realizing the character of male and female students in the <em>pesantren</em> (Islamic boarding schools) in Jambi, Indonesia<em>.</em> This study proposed <em>Nyai’s </em></span><span>(female religious leaders in the<em> pesantren</em>) charismatic, economic, and social responsibility leadership models in the context of community empowerment (CE). This quantitative research aimed to determine the contribution of <em>Nyai’s</em> leadership models to CE. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed using path and flowchart analysis. The results showed that the three <em>Nyai</em>’s leadership models in this study influenced and contributed to CE to support the <em>pesantren</em>’<em>s</em> activities and programs. This study recommended adopting the three <em>Nyai’s</em> leadership models in empowering the community in the <em>pesantren</em>.</span>