Introduction. Coal industry increases soil pollution with heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Therefore, resoiling is an urgent problem that requires an immediate solution. The present research objective was to substantiate the use of microorganisms from mine tips in order to decrease soil pollution with heavy metals and oil compounds. Study objects and methods. The review featured five years of publications in Scopus, Web of Science, and Elibrary, which were subjected to analysis, systematization, and generalization. Results and discussion. Coal industry changes landscapes, flora, fauna, and soil microbiome. Bioremediation uses various microorganisms as means of resoiling. Some microorganisms isolated from coal mining waste are resistant to heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and are able to utilize them. For instance, such bacteria as Bacillus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are capable of degrading oil pollutants. Microorganisms of Enterobacter and Klebsiella species were found to be resistant to copper, iron, lead, and manganese. Bacteria of the genera Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Pseudoarthrobacter, and Sinomonas are now to be resistant to nickel, arsenic, and chromium. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase the activity of soil enzymes, improve soil fertility, and decompose various organic compounds. Conclusion. Sequencing methods make it possible to determine the species composition of soils in mine tips in order to search for new strains capable of restoring former mining areas.
Introduction. Coal mining causes a radical transformation of the soil cover. Research is required into modern methods and complementary technologies for monitoring technogenic landscapes and their remediation. Our study aimed to assess soil and rhizosphere microorganisms and their potential uses for the remediation of technogenic soils in Russian coal regions. Study objects and methods. We reviewed scientific articles published over the past five years, as well as those cited in Scopus and Web of Science. Results and discussion. Areas lying in the vicinity of coal mines and coal transportation lines are exposed to heavy metal contamination. We studied the application of soil remediation technologies that use sorbents from environmentally friendly natural materials as immobilizers of toxic elements and compounds. Mycorrhizal symbionts are used for soil decontamination, such as arbuscular mycorrhiza with characteristic morphological structures in root cortex cells and some mycotallia in the form of arbuscules or vesicles. Highly important are Gram-negative proteobacteria (Agrobacterium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Burkholderia, Bradyrizobium, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Rizobium), Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Paenibacillus), and Grampositive actinomycetes (Rhodococcus, Streptomyces, Arhtrobacter). They produce phytohormones, vitamins, and bioactive substances, stimulating plant growth. Also, they reduce the phytopathogenicity of dangerous diseases and harmfulness of insects. Finally, they increase the soil’s tolerance to salinity, drought, and oxidative stress. Mycorrhizal chains enable the transport and exchange of various substances, including mineral forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic forms of C3 and C4 plants. Microorganisms contribute to the removal of toxic elements by absorbing, precipitating or accumulating them both inside the cells and in the extracellular space. Conclusion. Our review of scientific literature identified the sources of pollution of natural, agrogenic, and technogenic landscapes. We revealed the effects of toxic pollutants on the state and functioning of living systems: plants, animals, and microorganisms. Finally, we gave examples of modern methods used to remediate degraded landscapes and reclaim disturbed lands, including the latest technologies based on the integration of plants and microorganisms.
To reduce environmental damage from mining, it is important to minimize the number of endogenous fires caused by spontaneous combustion of hydrocarbons. However, the existing technical solutions have significant limitations and require large investments. The purpose of the study is to develop technology and software for 3D thermal 3D mapping of coal warehouses and coal mining enterprises, which makes it possible to quickly detect potential foci of fire, carry out their prevention, and also minimize the time to extinguish the fires that have arisen. In the work, unmanned aerial vehicles were used as carriers of a photo camera and a thermal imaging camera, as well as software developed with the participation of the authors for processing thermal imaging images and video materials. The survey data were subjected to computer processing and loaded into the geographic information system. The resulting 3D thermal model was used to identify hot spots where fires are possible, as well as for forecasting. Testing of the hardware and software complex in a coal mine showed that the thermal 3D model correctly displays the temperature of coal seams at a considerable depth (over 3 meters). This allows you to quickly identify foci of fire and eliminate them. Research prospects are associated with replicating the results and building 3D thermal models for a larger number of coal enterprises.
The introduction of digital technologies in the context of limited investment resources in agriculture requires an informed choice of specific goods and services in a complex saturated market. Traditional methods of expert assessments often lead to inconsistency of expert opinions and difficulty in making decisions. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to develop and test a methodology for choosing digital technologies for agriculture (using the example of software for performing cadastral works). To achieve the goal, the methodology of quadratic penalties was used. At the first stage of the study, the most important criteria for evaluating software were selected (performance, analytical capabilities, taking into account Russian legislation). These are functions that are not obvious to a non-professional buyer, which significantly affect the efficiency of cadastral work on agricultural land. At the second stage of the study, several variants of the programs were directly evaluated and the most effective ones were selected (with a minimum square-law penalty). Their use will allow not only drawing up documents for cadastral registration, but also to determine the exact boundaries of the fields for fair taxation, work planning. The research results can be used to substantiate decisions on the choice of certain digital technologies by agricultural enterprises.
Low adaptive capacity and oxidative stress are the factors leading to cellular dysfunction, protein and lipid peroxidation, and the development of diseases. In recent decades, there has been a trend toward the active use of plant-based antioxidants. Trifolium pratense L. is a promising plant for the pharmaceutical and food industry and has anti-radical properties. This work is devoted to studying the antiradical and oxidative stress-released properties of T. pratense in Caenorhabditis elegans under oxidative and temperature stress. The objective of this research was to evaluate the anti-radical properties of the T. pratense extracts and individual BAS (chlorogenic acid, ononin, biochanin A, genistein) and analysis their influences on the oxidative stress of Caenorhabditis elegans in the presence of paraquat. Analysis of the antiradical properties revealed that chlorogenic acid has the maximum ability to neutralize the free radical (35.49µmol). A separate analysis of oxidative stress revealed high ononin activity at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 µmol at 48 hours of cultivation. Biochanin A increases survival by 13.1% compared to the control. The use of the extract (500µmol) contributed to an increase in survival on day 1 of incubation. Under conditions of thermal stress, ononin (50 and 200 µmol) has a positive effect on the viability of C. elegans. The extract and BAS of T. pratense are characterized by high antiradical activity. In addition, the ability to influence the viability of C. elegans was revealed. Therefore, it is worthwhile to further study the biological properties of T. pratense for use in geroprotective therapy.
The relevance of the study is caused by the problem of the global anthropogenic transformation of natural landscapes in Kuzbass as a result of the development of mining. The rate of reclamation of disturbed lands lags behind the rate and scale of their formation, and most of the territory is self-recovering. This paper is aimed at studying the ecological conditions of the natural environment and technogenic factors affecting the dynamics of soil-forming processes and the formation of phytocenoses in disturbed territories, which differ in the way of formation at the technogenic stage. For the first time, some physicochemical parameters of technozems were obtained. Like ebriozems, they are formed in the post-technogenic phase of the development of a technogenic landscape under the conditions of its self-growth. The similarities and differences in the properties of technozems and ebriozems formed in the same natural and climatic conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Kuzbass have been revealed. It was found that the rate of their transformation, expressed in the formation of the soil profile, depends on the conditions of the relief and underlying rocks created at the technogenic stage. The presence of a preserved layer of potentially fertile rocks and the absence of slope surfaces led to the formation of the frontal soil and vegetation cover of the technozem; under other conditions, the formation of soils and plant groups occurs fragmentarily, which leads to the asynchronous development of the functions and modes of the technogenic landscape.
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