Functional products are currently attracting a lot of research interest. Modern people’s diet does not satisfy their need for nutrients, vitamins and minerals, and functional products can make it more balanced. In particular, our diet is lacking in protein. This paper discusses the prospects for enriching dairy products with plant protein derived from pine nuts and their products. Pine nut paste, fat-free milk, and oil cake are a valuable source of fatty acids, vitamins, and microelements. The protein, lipid, vitamin, and mineral content of these products makes them suitable for combining with milk. Their water-holding and fat-emulsifying capacities allow their use as stabilizers and emulsifiers. Siberian pine nuts grow wild in the Kemerovo Region, which makes their use as a raw material economically feasible. The article introduces a number of functional dairy products enriched with pine nut products, such as cheese, ice cream, and cottage cheese. Further, it describes the production process and the products’ nutritional value. The chemical composition of new types of dairy products shows that using pine nut oil cake, fat-free flour, paste, and oil enriches them with plant proteins, vegetable fats, vitamins as well as macro- and microelements. Replacing dairy raw materials with plants does not reduce the nutritional value of new dairy products. Dairy foods are rich in protein, fat, and minerals. The vitamin content of new dairy products with functional ingredients is similar to that of dairy-based products. Moreover, using functional products (pine nut oil cake, fat-free flour, paste, and oil) enriches new types of dairy products with tocopherols.
The gastrointestinal microflora regulates the body’s functions and plays an important role in its health. Dysbiosis leads to a number of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, inflammation, atherosclerosis, etc. However, these diseases can be prevented by using probiotics – living microorganisms that benefit the microflora and, therefore, improve the host organism's health. The most common probiotics include lactic acid bacteria of the Bifidobacterium and Propionibacterium genera. We studied the probiotic properties of the following strains: Bifidobacterium adolescentis АС-1909, Bifidobacterium longum infantis АС-1912, Propionibacterium jensenii В-6085, Propionibacterium freudenreichii В-11921, Propionibacterium thoenii В-6082, and Propionibacterium acidipropionici В-5723. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the ‘agar blocks’ method against the following test cultures: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa B6643, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 63, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. Moderate antimicrobial activity against all the test cultures was registered in Bifidobacterium adolescentis АС-1909, Propionibacterium jensenii В-6085, and Propionibacterium thoenii В-6082. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH inhibition method in all the lactic acid strains. Our study indicated that some Propionibacterium and Bifidobacterium strains or, theoretically, their consortia could be used as probiotic cultures in dietary supplements or functional foods to prevent a number of chronic diseases.
Резюме Обзор посвящен проблеме приверженности к лечению пожилых больных с хронической сердечной недостаточностью (ХСН). Обсуждаются особенности подхода к ведению лиц пожилого возраста в амбулаторных условиях, группы факторов, ассоциируемых с приверженностью к лечению, а также возможные пути ее повышения у лиц старшей возрастной группы с ХСН.
Introduction. Coal mining causes a radical transformation of the soil cover. Research is required into modern methods and complementary technologies for monitoring technogenic landscapes and their remediation. Our study aimed to assess soil and rhizosphere microorganisms and their potential uses for the remediation of technogenic soils in Russian coal regions. Study objects and methods. We reviewed scientific articles published over the past five years, as well as those cited in Scopus and Web of Science. Results and discussion. Areas lying in the vicinity of coal mines and coal transportation lines are exposed to heavy metal contamination. We studied the application of soil remediation technologies that use sorbents from environmentally friendly natural materials as immobilizers of toxic elements and compounds. Mycorrhizal symbionts are used for soil decontamination, such as arbuscular mycorrhiza with characteristic morphological structures in root cortex cells and some mycotallia in the form of arbuscules or vesicles. Highly important are Gram-negative proteobacteria (Agrobacterium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Burkholderia, Bradyrizobium, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Rizobium), Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Paenibacillus), and Grampositive actinomycetes (Rhodococcus, Streptomyces, Arhtrobacter). They produce phytohormones, vitamins, and bioactive substances, stimulating plant growth. Also, they reduce the phytopathogenicity of dangerous diseases and harmfulness of insects. Finally, they increase the soil’s tolerance to salinity, drought, and oxidative stress. Mycorrhizal chains enable the transport and exchange of various substances, including mineral forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic forms of C3 and C4 plants. Microorganisms contribute to the removal of toxic elements by absorbing, precipitating or accumulating them both inside the cells and in the extracellular space. Conclusion. Our review of scientific literature identified the sources of pollution of natural, agrogenic, and technogenic landscapes. We revealed the effects of toxic pollutants on the state and functioning of living systems: plants, animals, and microorganisms. Finally, we gave examples of modern methods used to remediate degraded landscapes and reclaim disturbed lands, including the latest technologies based on the integration of plants and microorganisms.
In recent years, the problem of processing and rational use of the secondary raw materials of the meat industry is becoming relevant all over the world. Pork skin or wastes accumulate in significant quantities at meat-packing plants and slaughter houses in livestock farms. There are various technologies for processing collagen-containing raw materials, but their widespread introduction to enterprises is constrained by high cost. One of the effective approaches to solving this problem is the processing of collagen-containing wastes of pig complexes by biotechnological methods. For these purposes, compositions of consortia based on yeast have collagenase activity: Clavispora lusitaniae Y-3723, Candida utilis Y-263, Candida lipotica Y-3153, Candida lipotica Y-3157, Candida arthrobotrys F-1138. The compositions of nutrient media for co-cultivation of yeast were selected: temperature, pH, duration of cultivation. It was found that the degree of biodegradation of collagen-containing raw materials under the action of the consortia is 89.7%. The mass fraction of protein in the hydrolysates of collagen-containing raw materials is 78.15%, which opens prospects for their use as feed for farm animals.
Аннотация. Диоскорея кавказская является источником биологически активных веществ (БАВ): сапонинов и полифенолов, проявляющих противоатеросклеротическое действие. Но так как данный вид растения во многих регионах России занесен в Красную книгу, то изъятие растительного сырья из естественной среды обитания невозможно. Решением данной проблемы является применение биотехнологических методов in vitro -получение каллусных, суспензионных и корневых культур. Цель данной работы состояла в подборе рабочих параметров экстрагирования из клеточных культур максимального количества БАВ. Для ее реализации использовались выращенные по общепринятым методикам клеточные культуры in vitro, экстракты на основе данных культур, полученные с помощью различных органических растворителей, и при варьировании параметрами экстракции (температурой, соотношением сырье:экстрагент, временем). Максимальный выход экстракта, следовательно, БАВ из каллусов наблюдался при использовании метанола в соотношении 1:10 при 40°С в течение 60 мин. Из суспензионных культур максимальный выход БАВ -при использовании изопропанола в соотношении 1:10 при 40°С в течение 30 мин. Из корневых культур -при использовании изопропанола в соотношении 1:10 при 40°С в течение 60 мин. Из анализируемых экстрактов наибольшее содержание БАВ (кофейной кислоты, рутина, Новые технологии / New Technologies (Majkop) 2021; 17 (6) Технология продовольственных продуктовTechnology оf Food Production мангиферина, кверцетина, апигенина) содержалось в экстракте из корневой культуры in vitro. Например, содержание рутина выше в 13 и 22 раза, чем у каллусной и суспензионной культур. Методами ТСХ, ВЭЖХ и ЯМР установлено, что изопропанольный экстракт корневой культуры in vitro Диоскореи кавказской содержал сапонины: глюкопиранозид и рамнопиранозид, дельтозид, протодиосцин, спиростенол А и спиростенол Б -вещества, проявляющие противоатеросклеротическое действие. В перспективе клеточные культуры in vitro Диоскореи кавказской использовать как сырье в фармацевтических целях (для приготовления лекарственных препаратов) и в пищевой промышленности (как компонент функциональных продуктов питания и биологически активных добавок).
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