To reduce environmental damage from mining, it is important to minimize the number of endogenous fires caused by spontaneous combustion of hydrocarbons. However, the existing technical solutions have significant limitations and require large investments. The purpose of the study is to develop technology and software for 3D thermal 3D mapping of coal warehouses and coal mining enterprises, which makes it possible to quickly detect potential foci of fire, carry out their prevention, and also minimize the time to extinguish the fires that have arisen. In the work, unmanned aerial vehicles were used as carriers of a photo camera and a thermal imaging camera, as well as software developed with the participation of the authors for processing thermal imaging images and video materials. The survey data were subjected to computer processing and loaded into the geographic information system. The resulting 3D thermal model was used to identify hot spots where fires are possible, as well as for forecasting. Testing of the hardware and software complex in a coal mine showed that the thermal 3D model correctly displays the temperature of coal seams at a considerable depth (over 3 meters). This allows you to quickly identify foci of fire and eliminate them. Research prospects are associated with replicating the results and building 3D thermal models for a larger number of coal enterprises.
Cadastral and geodetic land works are expensive, which makes aerial photography extremely valuable for land traceability and inventory. The present research objective was to develop a new digital survey technology for registration of agricultural lands. We assessed the accuracy of the new method and evaluated its decision support options. The study featured the case of the Kemerovo Region (Kuzbass), Russia. The aerial survey took place in 2021 and involved 17 municipalities of the Kemerovo Region. The software and hardware complex included an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a module for aerial photography. Photogrammetric, cartometric, and satellite methods were used to define the coordinates of feature points. We developed new software (Sovhoz.avi) to perform the land inventory. The photogrammetric and cartographic methods proved efficient in determining the feature points and boundaries of land plots. They also appeared accurate enough for land inventory and decision support. The study updated the available land inventory data. About 30% of all land plots were recorded incorrectly; some plots marked as agricultural appeared to belong to the local forest reserves or urban territories. Incorrect data (1.64%) were excluded from the official inventory. The survey covered a total area of 41 000 ha and revealed 1700 illegally used land plots. The updated inventory of unused lands included 3825 new plots (163 400 ha), which can attract prospective investors. The results can be used by the local authorities to make land management decisions and identify illegal land use.
В соответствии с российским законодательством собственник не сможет распоряжаться своим земельным участком без проведения обязательной процедуры определения границ земельного участка на местности. Стремление субъектов РФ к увеличению доли земельных участков с установленными границами неразрывно связано с задачей повышения достоверности и качества сведений об объектах недвижимости в Едином государственном реестре недвижимости. Данные сведения позволят обнаружить неучтенные и свободные земельные участки для привлечения их в гражданский оборот, выявлять нарушения земельного законодательства, связанные с самозахватом земель, провести адресацию и зонирование территории, определить упущенную выгоду по налогообложению земельных участков, а также решить ряд других неточностей, влияющих на инвестиционную привлекательность региона. В статье был рассмотрен опыт ведущих регионов по проведению межевания земель (Татарстан, Новосибирская область, Москва и Московская область) в сравнении с Кемеровской областью. Результаты исследования показали, что процесс межевания в Кемеровской области замедлен по сравнению с регионами-лидерами и связано это с тем, что основной объем проведения кадастровых работ в целях межевания приходится на переход неиспользованных земель в сельскохозяйственный и промышленный обороты. Ключевые слова: земельный участок, кадастровые работы, межевание, аэрофотосъемка, беспилотный летательный аппарат
When clearing protective strips for linear infrastructure such as power lines, it is important to minimize tree felling. The purpose of the study is to develop and test a software package for digital forest inventory of tree and shrub vegetation in the zones of linear infrastructure facilities. In the study, a software package for digital forest inventory based on aerial photography with UAVs was developed and tested, based on the methods of multilayer perceptron and a self-organizing network based on competition (Kohonen network). The approbation has shown that it allows to accurately identifying the presence and height of trees and shrubs in the protection zones, to obtain precise coordinates for planning clearing works. At present, the areas of the territory where it is necessary to remove trees and shrubs are determined manually with an overestimation of 25-50%. Therefore, the use of a software package for digital forest inventory allows you to save up to 0.8 hectares of trees and shrubs per 1 kilometre of the length of the power transmission line, as well as save about 27 thousand rubles (about 375 US dollars) per 1 kilometre during work.
The introduction of digital technologies in the context of limited investment resources in agriculture requires an informed choice of specific goods and services in a complex saturated market. Traditional methods of expert assessments often lead to inconsistency of expert opinions and difficulty in making decisions. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to develop and test a methodology for choosing digital technologies for agriculture (using the example of software for performing cadastral works). To achieve the goal, the methodology of quadratic penalties was used. At the first stage of the study, the most important criteria for evaluating software were selected (performance, analytical capabilities, taking into account Russian legislation). These are functions that are not obvious to a non-professional buyer, which significantly affect the efficiency of cadastral work on agricultural land. At the second stage of the study, several variants of the programs were directly evaluated and the most effective ones were selected (with a minimum square-law penalty). Their use will allow not only drawing up documents for cadastral registration, but also to determine the exact boundaries of the fields for fair taxation, work planning. The research results can be used to substantiate decisions on the choice of certain digital technologies by agricultural enterprises.
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