To reduce environmental damage from mining, it is important to minimize the number of endogenous fires caused by spontaneous combustion of hydrocarbons. However, the existing technical solutions have significant limitations and require large investments. The purpose of the study is to develop technology and software for 3D thermal 3D mapping of coal warehouses and coal mining enterprises, which makes it possible to quickly detect potential foci of fire, carry out their prevention, and also minimize the time to extinguish the fires that have arisen. In the work, unmanned aerial vehicles were used as carriers of a photo camera and a thermal imaging camera, as well as software developed with the participation of the authors for processing thermal imaging images and video materials. The survey data were subjected to computer processing and loaded into the geographic information system. The resulting 3D thermal model was used to identify hot spots where fires are possible, as well as for forecasting. Testing of the hardware and software complex in a coal mine showed that the thermal 3D model correctly displays the temperature of coal seams at a considerable depth (over 3 meters). This allows you to quickly identify foci of fire and eliminate them. Research prospects are associated with replicating the results and building 3D thermal models for a larger number of coal enterprises.
When clearing protective strips for linear infrastructure such as power lines, it is important to minimize tree felling. The purpose of the study is to develop and test a software package for digital forest inventory of tree and shrub vegetation in the zones of linear infrastructure facilities. In the study, a software package for digital forest inventory based on aerial photography with UAVs was developed and tested, based on the methods of multilayer perceptron and a self-organizing network based on competition (Kohonen network). The approbation has shown that it allows to accurately identifying the presence and height of trees and shrubs in the protection zones, to obtain precise coordinates for planning clearing works. At present, the areas of the territory where it is necessary to remove trees and shrubs are determined manually with an overestimation of 25-50%. Therefore, the use of a software package for digital forest inventory allows you to save up to 0.8 hectares of trees and shrubs per 1 kilometre of the length of the power transmission line, as well as save about 27 thousand rubles (about 375 US dollars) per 1 kilometre during work.
В соответствии с российским законодательством собственник не сможет распоряжаться своим земельным участком без проведения обязательной процедуры определения границ земельного участка на местности. Стремление субъектов РФ к увеличению доли земельных участков с установленными границами неразрывно связано с задачей повышения достоверности и качества сведений об объектах недвижимости в Едином государственном реестре недвижимости. Данные сведения позволят обнаружить неучтенные и свободные земельные участки для привлечения их в гражданский оборот, выявлять нарушения земельного законодательства, связанные с самозахватом земель, провести адресацию и зонирование территории, определить упущенную выгоду по налогообложению земельных участков, а также решить ряд других неточностей, влияющих на инвестиционную привлекательность региона. В статье был рассмотрен опыт ведущих регионов по проведению межевания земель (Татарстан, Новосибирская область, Москва и Московская область) в сравнении с Кемеровской областью. Результаты исследования показали, что процесс межевания в Кемеровской области замедлен по сравнению с регионами-лидерами и связано это с тем, что основной объем проведения кадастровых работ в целях межевания приходится на переход неиспользованных земель в сельскохозяйственный и промышленный обороты. Ключевые слова: земельный участок, кадастровые работы, межевание, аэрофотосъемка, беспилотный летательный аппарат
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