INOCULATION OF BEAN SEEDS WITH Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli THROUGH WATER RESTRICTION TECHNIQUEABSTRACT -The objective of the present work was to test methodology of inoculation of bean seeds with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli using water restriction technique. For that, three solutes, sucrose, potassium chloride and manitol, added to the medium potato-sucrose-agar, PSA at three water potentials (-0.8, -1.0, -1.2 MPa) and four duration periods of the exposition of seeds to the fungus (36, 72, 108 and 144h) were used. The effects of the fungus on the performance of the seeds and emerged plants were evaluated looking at germination and health ( blotter-test). The mycelial growth of the fungus in vitro, was not reduced by any osmotic treatment. Higher growth of the fungus was observed at osmotic potentials of -0.8 e -1.0 MPa. At longer durations of exposition of the seeds to the pathogen, 108 e 144h, mycelial growth of the fungus was higher and affected seed performance. The greatest mean incidence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (64%) was detected on seeds in wich KCl was used. At 144h of inoculation period on that solute, the incidence was of 70%.

The synthetic mustered flavouring essential oil, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), was evaluated for its effect on suppression of Rhizoctonia solani growth in vitro, and in field soils for reducing inoculum density, saprophytic substrate colonization and seedling damping off and blight using snap bean and cabbage as indicator plants. In vitro growth was completely inhibited at the concentration of 50 ll/l. Inoculum density and saprophytic substrate colonization by the fungus in soil were not affected by AITC concentrations of 50 or 75 ll/kg soil. The inoculum density estimation by the use of soil-drop technique created an artefact leading to an erroneous conclusion that the fungus was eradicated from soil within 1-3 days after AITC treatment at 150 or 200 ll/kg soil. The saprophytic substrate colonization showed that although the activity of R. solani was greatly reduced, the fungus still colonized 45% of the substrate units at these concentrations, and up to 100% at lower concentrations within 1 day after treatment. At higher concentrations the recovery rate from the substrates gradually declined over time to <6%. Drenching R. solani infested sandy-loam or silty-clay-loam soil with water containing the emulsified AITC to provide 150 or 200 ll/l soil, a few days prior to planting, gave over 90% disease control in snap bean and cabbage, with no apparent phytotoxic effect. The effect of AITC was not influenced by the physical soil texture. AITC appears to have a good potential to replace methyl bromide fumigation of the substrate used for transplant production.

The essential oil extracted from mustard (Brassica rapa) seeds was evaluated for its effect on suppression of Rhizoctonia solani growth in vitro, and in field soils, for reducing saprophytic substrate colonization and seedling damping off and blight using snap beans as indicator plant, the in vitro growth was completely inhibited at a concentration of 50 mul/l. The saprophytic substrate colonization in soils 24 h after treatment was drastically reduced to 45% at 150 mul/kg soil concentration, in contrast to 100% colonization at concentrations of 0, 50, or 75 mul/kg. This recovery rate gradually declined to 6% and 60%, respectively, in nine days. A control of pre and post-emergence seedling damping off and blight in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), without any apparent phytotoxic effect was achieved by irrigating R. solani infested soils with water containing the emulsified essential oil to provide 150 mul/l soil volume ten days prior to planting, gave over 95%. The effect of the mustard essential oil was not influenced by the physical soil texture, and it appears to be a good substitute for methyl bromide fumigation in nurseries for seedling production.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a product derived from total blood centrifugation, whose use is focused on improving the healing of different tissues, as a result of the growth factors it contains. However, the clinical benefits of this therapy have not been fully established. The objective of this study was to evaluate type I and III collagen gene expression during different phases of the healing process of PRP-treated skin. Eight healthy crossbred geldings, aged 16 and 17 years (16.37±0.52) were used. Three quadrangular-shaped lesions (6.25cm 2 ) were surgically induced in the right and left gluteal regions of all the animals. Twelve hours after induction of the lesions, 0.5mL of PRP was administered in each of the four edges of the wounds (T=treated group) in one of the gluteal regions, randomly chosen. The contralateral region was used as control (NT=non-treated group). The wounds were submitted to daily cleaning with Milli-Q water, and the samples were obtained with a 6mm diameter biopsy Punch. Six skin biopsies were obtained, with the first being performed on the day the lesions were induced (T0), and the others 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 7 (T3), and 14 (T4) days, after the wound was induced. The sixth biopsy (T5) was performed after fully healed of the skin. Evaluation of type I and III collagen gene expression was carried out by the qRT-PCR technique. The data were analyzed by the Bonferroni test, Student t-test, paired t--test, and regression analysis (p<0,05). Difference (p<0.05) between groups were observed for both collagen gene expressions from T1 to T4, being higher in the animals of group T. The peak for type I and III collagen gene expressions occurred in T5 for both groups, but the highest expression was different (p<0.05) from zero time, starting in T3. In the animals of treated group, collagen expression started to establish at T5, while in the horses of NT group, the values remained increased. Local administration of a single PRP dose in cutaneous wound of the gluteal region of horses results in a higher local gene expression of type I and III collagens. However, this expression does not alter the maximum time of macroscopic healing of the wound.

No abstract

O objetivo desse estudo foi apresentar e avaliar um novo modelo de indução experimental de tendinopatia do tendão calcanear comum de ratos. Para isso foram utilizados oito ratos machos da linhagem Wistar, com quatro meses de idade, pesando 345,5 ± 45,74 g. A lesão foi realizada de forma aleatória em um dos tendões, e o membro contralateral foi utilizado como controle. Posteriormente à tricotomia e antissepsia local, os animais foram anestesiados com isoflurano. Após exposição do tendão, foi realizada compressão transversal durante 10s com pinça Halstead, que foi seguida por dez escarificações das fibras do tendão, em sentido próximo-distal, utilizando lâmina de bisturi. Os ratos foram submetidos à eutanásia com tiopental sódico (100 mg/kg, via intraperitoneal). Em quatro animais, a eutanásia foi realizada 12h após o procedimento cirúrgico, e em outros quatro após 24h. Na sequência foram obtidos fragmentos de ambos os tendões queforam processados e corados com hematoxilina-eosina para histopatologia. Diferentemente dos membros utilizados como controle, a avaliação microscópica realizada nos dois momentos analisados revelou perda do paralelismo e da organização das fibras colágenas, intenso infiltrado de neutrófilos, espessamento do endotélio vascular e presença de hemácias e fibrina. As amostras obtidas 24h apresentaram maior quantidade de neutrófilos degenerados. O método de indução de tendinopatia descrito no presente estudo foi eficiente em promover a lesão aguda em ratos. Esse projeto foi aprovado por Comissão de Ética.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência de lesões nas diferentes regiões do estômago de equinos assintomáticos. Foi realizada avaliação macroscópica dos

RESUMO A podridão de carvão causada pelo fungo Macrophomina phaseolina é uma das principais doenças que causa podridões no sistema radicular e caule das plantas de soja, e sua ocorrência vem aumentando a cada safra. Com isso objetivou-se avaliar a influência de metodologias de inoculação de M. phaseolina no desempenho de cultivares de soja. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas sub-subdivididas no tempo, contendo duas cultivares de soja (NA 7337 RR e CD 2737 RR), seis métodos de inoculação (semente não inoculada, semente inoculada por 48 horas, semente inoculada por 72 horas, infestação do solo com três grãos de arroz, infestação do solo com seis grãos de arroz e infestação do solo com nove grãos de arroz) e 3 períodos de avaliações (20, 40 e 60 dias após a semeadura) com 6 repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas medindo-se a altura de plantas, diâmetro do colo, número de folhas, comprimento e largura de folhas e incidência do fungo Macrophomina phaseolina. Os resultados dos experimentos indicaram que o método de inoculação utilizando grãos de arroz inoculado com o fungo M. phaseolina proporcionou maiores prejuízos à cultivar NA 7337 RR, porém a cultivar CD 2737 RR foi influenciada pelo método de inoculação diretamente na semente de soja. A cultivar NA 7337 RR demostrou ser mais tolerante ao fungo Macrophomina phaseolina. Nos períodos de avaliações os parâmetros de quantificação indireta da doença evoluíram progressivamente aos 20, 40 e 60 dias. Observou-se também que apenas o tratamento testemunha não apresentou o fungo M. phaseolina e todos os métodos de inoculação empregados proporcionaram o desenvolvimento do fungo nas plantas de soja. Todos os métodos de inoculação utilizados foram eficientes na inoculação de M. phaseolina em soja. O método de inoculação diretamente na semente por 48 e 72 horas, desenvolveu sintomas precoces.