The paper identifies which districts in Kalimantan that become the growth poles and whether there has been spatial autocorrelation in 55 districts during 2000-2012. This study also explores which economic sectors will be leading sectors. The social-economic data were collected for 55 districts using quantitative methods, in particular: typology of Regent/City, spatial autocorrelation, overlay analysis, and structural transformation. The study finds: (1) there are 4 cities as the growth pole; (2) the economics growth concentration concentrated geographically in the eastern and western; (3) the mining sector is a leading and competitive sector; and (4) structural transformation does not occur in all districts. Keywords: Growth Pole; Typology of Regent/City; Spatial Autocorrelation (Moran's I and G Statistics); Overlay Analysis; Structural Transformation AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kabupaten/kota di Pulau Kalimantan yang akan menjadi pusat pertumbuhan dan apakah terdapat autokorelasi spasial di 55 kabupaten/kota selama periode 2000-2012. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa data sekunder yang dikumpulkan dari data sosial ekonomi 55 kabupaten/kota menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dan alat analisis: tipologi Kabupaten/Kota, autokorelasi spasial, analisis overlay, dan transformasi struktural. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) terdapat empat kota sebagai pusat pertumbuhan; (2) konsentrasi pertumbuhan ekonomi tersebar di bagian timur dan barat Pulau Kalimantan; (3) sektor pertambangan dan penggalian merupakan sektor unggulan dan kompetitif; dan (4) transformasi struktural tidak terjadi di seluruh kabupaten/kota.
To achieve the purpose of regional economic development, there is a need for development policy that is based on the characteristics of the region. Kalimantan is the centre of development in Eastern Indonesia which has strategic position for cooperation region. This study aimed to identify the potential leading sectors to develop and determine the regencies grouping and the characteristics of each group based on welfare indicators. The secondary data were collected from socio-economic data of 56 regencies during 2010-2016. This study used descriptive quantitative method and several analysis theories namely Klassen’s Typology, factor and cluster, Location Quotient, Shift Share, and Overlay analysis. The results of study showed that: (1) the economic structure of Kalimantan had shifted because a change of economic contribution from agriculture to industrial sector; (2) the mining and quarrying, water supply, waste management and recycling sector were the leading sectors in Kalimantan; (3) Kalimantan was classified into four clusters based on 13 economic social indicators: agricultural, urban, disadvantaged, and wealth cluster; (4) the priority of development in each cluster were economic, social, and educational issues.
Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui penyadaran akan pentingnya menjaga dan memelihara sumberdaya alam untuk perbaikan ekonomi pedesaan menjadi salah satu pilihan strategis mewujudkan Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur khususnya Desa Ujung Pandaran sebagai daerah tujuan wisata. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, kuisioner, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran masyarakat Desa Ujung Pandaran dalam mendukung dan mengembangkan pariwisata serta mengidentifikasi potensi pariwisata dan industri kreatif di Desa Ujung Pandaran. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa peran masyarakat Desa Ujung Pandaran baik secara perorangan maupun kelompok (Pokdarwis Garda Pesisir) bersifat aktif walaupun belum sepenuhnya. Partisipasi masyarakat lokal tergolong dalam partisipasi citizen power, yaitu partisipasi masyarakat yang ideal, yang mana masyarakat memiliki keleluasaan dalam berpartisipasi menentukan masa depan daerahnya dan mampu mengontrol kinerja pemerintahan daerah. Potensi pariwisata di Desa Ujung Pandaran sangat besar untuk dikembangkan. Obyek wisata yang dimiliki cukup lengkap, mulai dari wisata alam, pendidikan, religi hingga budaya. Desa Ujung Pandaran terkenal akan hasil perikanan laut dan jumlah industri kreatif atau UMKM cukup banyak, seperti usaha pengolahan kepiting dan rajungan, pembuatan ikan asin, terasi dan kerupuk dari telur ikan, serta kerajinan kulit kerang. Rekomendasi kebijakan bagi Pemerintah Daerah dalam mengembangkan Desa Ujung Pandaran berbasis ekonomi kreatif adalah melibatkan pelaku usaha industri kreatif dalam mengelola dan pelaksanaan kegiatan wisata, serta penguatan kelembagaan melalui penguatan kapasitas pada kelompok-kelompok yang peduli akan pariwisata. Selain itu, untuk mempromosikan obyek wisata di Desa Ujung Pandaran, Pemerintah Daerah dapat melakukan kerjasama dengan pelaku usaha (travel dan hotel) dan masyarakat lokal, meningkatkan promosi melalui media sosial, serta yang paling penting adalah memperbaiki dan membenahi sarana dan prasarana pendukung pariwisata.
Inequality is a common problem in development, including in Indonesia. The development of Kalimantan is inseparable from the problem of inequality. This study aimed to analyze the uneven development across districts and economic structure shift of 56 districts, also to prove the capability of Kuznets Hypothesis in Kalimantan during 2012-2019. This study used secondary data which was processed by Williamson Index, Entropy Theil Index, Pearson Correlation, and Shift Share analysis. The result of study showed that: (1) regional inequality in Kalimantan is high but shows decreasing trend for the period of observation; (2) inequality between regions in Kalimantan is more caused by inequality between provinces. Province of East Kalimantan provides the largest contribution towards the inequality between and within provinces; (3) There is a strong relationship between the variable of per capita GRDP and the inequality index. Meanwhile, the relationship between the economic growth variable and the inequality index is less strong; (4) Kuznets hypothesis is not applicable in Kalimantan; (5) and the economic structure of Kalimantan has shifted from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector. Ketimpangan merupakan permasalahan umum dalam pembangunan, tidak terkecuali di Indonesia. Pembangunan wilayah Kalimantan juga tidak terlepas dari masalah ketimpangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketidakmerataan pembangunan antarwilayah dan pergeseran struktur ekonomi di 56 kabupaten/kota, serta membuktikan Hipotesis Kuznet berlaku atau tidak di Kalimantan selama periode 2012--2019. Studi ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diolah dengan analisis Indeks Williamson, Indeks Entropi Theil, Korelasi Pearson, dan Shift Share. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ketimpangan antarwilayah di Kalimantan tergolong tinggi dengan tren yang cenderung menurun; (2) ketimpangan antarwilayah di Kalimantan lebih diakibatkan oleh ketimpangan antar provinsi. Provinsi Kalimantan Timur memberi sumbangan terbesar terhadap ketimpangan antar dan dalam provinsi; (3) Terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara variabel PDRB per kapita dan indeks ketimpangan. Sedangkan hubungan antara variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan indeks ketimpangan kurang kuat; (4) Hipotesis Kuznets tidak berlaku di Kalimantan; dan (5) struktur ekonomi Kalimantan mengalami pergeseran dari sektor pertanian ke sektor industri.
The economic potential of a region can be identified through the identification of leading sectors. The objective of this research is to identify the leading sectors which have the potential to develop and knowing the economic shift in Kotawaringin Timur Regency and to improve the efforts of local government in order to development of leading sectors. This study is a descriptive quantitative research using secondary data and the Location Quotient, Klassen Typology, Shift Share Analysis, and Overlay Analysis. The results of this study shows that potential economic sectors The study results show that the economy of East Kotawaringin Regency is dominated by agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector, the manufacturing industry sector, the wholesale and retail trade sector, the transportation and warehousing sector, and the construction sector. Sectors which have a competitive advantage and has great potential to be developed in Kotawaringin Timur Regency are manufacturing industry sector, wholesale and retail trade sector, and transportation and warehousing sector. The manufacturing industry is classified in the developed and leading sectors, also as the biggest contributor in the formation of Kotim's GRDP. The economic structure of Kotawaringin Timur Regency experienced a shift from the agricultural sector to the manufacturing sector.
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