Analisis Ketimpangan Antarwilayah dan Pergeseran Struktur Ekonomi di Kalimantan

Abstract

Inequality is a common problem in development, including in Indonesia. The development of Kalimantan is inseparable from the problem of inequality. This study aimed to analyze the uneven development across districts and economic structure shift of 56 districts, also to prove the capability of Kuznets Hypothesis in Kalimantan during 2012-2019. This study used secondary data which was processed by Williamson Index, Entropy Theil Index, Pearson Correlation, and Shift Share analysis. The result of study showed that: (1) regional inequality in Kalimantan is high but shows decreasing trend for the period of observation; (2) inequality between regions in Kalimantan is more caused by inequality between provinces. Province of East Kalimantan provides the largest contribution towards the inequality between and within provinces; (3) There is a strong relationship between the variable of per capita GRDP and the inequality index. Meanwhile, the relationship between the economic growth variable and the inequality index is less strong; (4) Kuznets hypothesis is not applicable in Kalimantan; (5) and the economic structure of Kalimantan has shifted from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector.
 
 Ketimpangan merupakan permasalahan umum dalam pembangunan, tidak terkecuali di Indonesia. Pembangunan wilayah Kalimantan juga tidak terlepas dari masalah ketimpangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketidakmerataan pembangunan antarwilayah dan pergeseran struktur ekonomi di 56 kabupaten/kota, serta membuktikan Hipotesis Kuznet berlaku atau tidak di Kalimantan selama periode 2012--2019. Studi ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diolah dengan analisis Indeks Williamson, Indeks Entropi Theil, Korelasi Pearson, dan Shift Share. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ketimpangan antarwilayah di Kalimantan tergolong tinggi dengan tren yang cenderung menurun; (2) ketimpangan antarwilayah di Kalimantan lebih diakibatkan oleh ketimpangan antar provinsi. Provinsi Kalimantan Timur memberi sumbangan terbesar terhadap ketimpangan antar dan dalam provinsi; (3) Terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara variabel PDRB per kapita dan indeks ketimpangan. Sedangkan hubungan antara variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan indeks ketimpangan kurang kuat; (4) Hipotesis Kuznets tidak berlaku di Kalimantan; dan (5) struktur ekonomi Kalimantan mengalami pergeseran dari sektor pertanian ke sektor industri.

Economic contraction and inequality of two provinces with coastal characteristics in Sumatra: what are the causes?

“…This condition will certainly bring the condition of economic inequality even worse. This is reinforced by several research results which show that in the era of economic depression (global economic recession and the Covid-19 pandemic), in general, each region was unable to carry out economic development effectively, so theoretically it was rather difficult to maintain consistency so that economic inequality did not get worse (Kadriwansyah et al, 2021;Pratiwi, 2021).…”

Analysis of Regional Inequality and Economic Potential in the Kedungsepur Area 2017-2021

“…First, the national share component (Nij) reflects how the national economy affects the regional economy and is positive if regional economic growth exceeds that of bigger areas (Khuluk, Muljaningsih, & Asmara, 2021). Second, the proportional shift component, also known as the industry mix (Mij), depicts the relative change in a sector's performance of an area compared to that of a similar sector at a higher area (Pratiwi, 2021). Third, the differential shift component, also known as a competitive advantage (Cij), can quantify a region's competitiveness in comparison with the growth of a similar sector in other regions (Abidin, 2015).…”

Analisis Ketimpangan Pembangunan dan Klasifikasi Wilayah antar Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2016-2020

“…Kemudian, ketimpangan pembangunan antar provinsi di pulau sumatera mengalami fluktuatif dengan hasil rata-rata perhitungan Indeks Williamson berkisar antara 0,406-0,446. Selanjutnya, hasil penelitian (Pratiwi, 2021) mengenai ketimpangan pembangunan di Kalimantan. Hasil penelitian ketimpangan pembangunan antar Kabupaten/Kota di wilayah Kalimantan tergolong tinggi dengan tren yang menurun setiap tahun analisis.…”

“…Sisi kedua, adanya ketimpangan pembangunan antar daerah diakibatkan oleh perbedaan kondisi daerah (daerah maju dan daerah terbelakang). Sementara itu, ketimpangan menurut Mubyarto (1995) dalam (Pratiwi, 2021) dibagi atas tiga jenis, yaitu ketimpangan antar sektor ekonomi, ketimpangan antar wilayah, dan ketimpangan antar golongan. Ketimpangan antar sektor ekonomi dibedakan antara sektor pertanian dengan sektor industri pengolahan.…”