Resumo A Cannabis sativa L. vem sendo utilizada, antes mesmo da Era Cristã, para tratar inúmeras enfermidades, mas, no início do século 20, seu uso passou a ser proibido em vários países, inclusive com escopo medicinal, por ser considerada droga ilícita. Entretanto, a necessidade de obter alternativas aos tratamentos convencionais aumentou o interesse pelo uso terapêutico dessa droga vegetal, razão por que diversos estudos passaram a ser realizados, constatando que o Canabidiol (CBD), um dos principais compostos da planta, possui grande potencial terapêutico. No Brasil, a comercialização do CBD permanece proibida, mas, a partir de 2015, o uso compassivo e importação da substância foram autorizados pelo Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM) e pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), porém, a demanda por CBD continua sendo judicializada. Justamente neste aspecto residiu o objetivo da pesquisa interdisciplinar, que foi analisar o exterior constitutivo do problema do acesso ao referido fármaco para tratamento de doenças. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa documental e exploratória, utilizando a abordagem qualitativa, além da revisão bibliográfica. O estudo de caso foi realizado com os processos judiciais do Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco (TJ/PE) sobre o assunto, localizados a partir da inserção agrupada das palavras-chave “fornecimento” e “Canabidiol” no campo “jurisprudência” do sítio virtual desse Tribunal. Como resultado, constatou-se que os sujeitos que ingressam com ação judicial atendem aos requisitos exigidos pelos órgãos reguladores, o que permite concluir que a negativa administrativa de fornecimento do medicamento pelo estado de Pernambuco caracteriza violação ao direito à saúde deles.

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33(7): 942-948, julho 2013 942 RESUMO.-Glândulas vesiculares são essenciais para a reprodução, pois suas secreções afetam a função espermá-tica. Cobaias (Cavia porcellus) são um excelente modelo experimental para estudo destas glândulas, contudo não existem dados morfológicos e morfométricos durante seu desenvolvimento. Neste estudo a morfologia (projeções das pregas (PP) e altura das células epiteliais (AE) da tú-nica mucosa) e a morfometria (massa (MG), volume (VG), comprimento (CG), largura das porções cranial (LCR), mé-dia (LM) e caudal (LCA)) das glândulas vesiculares foram determinadas em cobaios (N= 25) com uma (S1), três (S3), (Cavia porcellus) are an excellent experimental model for studying vesicular glands, but no morphologic and morphometric data during its development are available. In the present study, the morphology (projections of the folds (PF) and epithelial tissue high (EH) of the mucosa) and the morphometry (mass (GM), volume (GV), length (GC), width of the portions cranial (CRW), medium (MW) and caudal (CAW)) of the vesicular glands were determined at 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11-weeks of age in male guinea pigs (n = 5/age group). In addition, body mass (BM), body length (BL) and height (BH) and organo-somatic index (OSI) were also determined and the simple correlation coefficient (r) was established between the variables. The glands were restricted to the pelvic cavity, and had its interior filled with a semi-solid mass and, after S8, they occupied also the abdominal cavity and the contents were increased significantly. The mucous membrane presented variable folding and simple columnar epithelium. BM, BL and BH increased continuously with age. GM, GV, GC and CAW did not change from 1 to 5-weeks of age, but increased at 8-weeks of age; GM, GV and LCA also increased at 11-weeks of age. OSI and PF increased at 8 and 11-weeks of age and EH at 5, 8 and 11-weeks of age. There was significant (r) between age, body and glandular parameters; OSI and GM at 8 and 11-weeks of age; age and PF, age and EH and between PF and EH. In conclusion, the guinea pigs vesicular glands followed morphology observed in rats and hamsters, but differed in some aspects from others histricomorfs, can be used as experimental model and its morphological and morphometric development can be divided into three phases: 1 to 5-weeks of age, when they are discrete; 6 to 8-weeks of age when they are generally sharp and >8-weeks of age, when there is an intense increase of the secretory capacity.

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Background: Trachemys scripta elegans is an aquatic turtle native to North America and distributed geographically from the eastern United States to northeastern Mexico. In Brazil, it is an exotic and invasive species and the most illegally traded pet animal. When these turtles grow and they cease to be attractive as pets, they are released clandestinely in lakes, ponds, rivers, and other bodies of water, where they threaten biodiversity and native populations. The present study aimed to characterize specimens of T. s. elegans from the Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres do Parque Ecológico do Tiete by analyzing body biometrics, sexual dimorphism, and structure of specimens for sex ratio and size classes.Materials, Methods & Results: Trachemys scripta elegans turtles (39 females and 30 males) were anesthetized, euthanized and frozen. After being thawed, the turtles were sexed according to measurements on secondary sex characters such as claw length (CWL) of the third finger of the right forearm and length of the tail from the tip to the beginning of the cloacal opening (postcloacal tail length, PTL); subsequently, sex was confirmed through dissection. Subsequently, body mass (BM, g) and maximum carapace length (MCL, cm), maximum carapace width (MCW, cm), maximum plastron length (MPL, cm), maximum plastron width (MPW) and shell height (HGT, cm, measured laterally until obtaining the greatest value) were evaluated and the sexual dimorphism index (SDI) was also calculated. All analyses were performed using SAS v. 9.4 software. The results indicate a sex ratio of 1.3 females per male. The identification of males by secondary sex characteristics was performed using only claw length (CWL), which was related to sex and not to maximum carapace length (MCL). The most discriminatory variables were CWL in males and body mass (BM) in females. With the exception of CWL, the sexual dimorphism index (SDI) values all favored females and varied from 1.21 to 2.49, with the greatest value for BM and the lowest value for postcloacal tail length (PTL). Males exhibited a unimodal tendency at a classification interval of 15.0 cm MCL, and females exhibited a bimodal tendency at 21.0- and 22.0 cm MCL. Sexual maturity was identified at 12.0 cm MCL in males and at 12.5 cm MCL in females. The rate of CWL growth in males was higher at the beginning of sexual maturity and subsequently decreased, whereas in females, the rate of CWL escalated after 19.0 cm MCL. In both sexes, principal component 1 (PC1) was composed of the variables related to size and BM, and principal component 2 (PC2) and principal component 3 (PC3) were composed of variables related to secondary sex characteristics (CWL and PTL).Discussion: In members of the genus Trachemys, several secondary sex characteristics can be used to differentiate between the sexes, however, in the present study, recognition of males was performed only by claw length, as it was confirmed by the discriminate analysis and the principal components analysis (PCA) which showed that CWL was the variable that was most discriminatory in males (approximately 76.0%), followed by BM (approximately 50%) in females. The results reinforcing the claim that the degree of development of secondary sex characteristics varies between species as well as between distinct populations of the same species and establish that even under unnatural habitat, sexual dimorphism of size in favor of females is maintained for variables related to mass and size.

Aim: This study aimed to assess fundamental biochemical values of healthy animals and to provide useful data on comparative physiologies of Testudines, being assessed the serum biochemistry profiles, and body and tail biometry of Trachemys scripta elegans and Trachemys dorbignyi bred in interaction in the semiarid region of the São Francisco river valley. Materials and Methods: Serum biochemistry variables (urea, creatinine, glucose, total serum protein, albumin, globulin, and albumin/globulin ratio), and biometry values of the body (mass [body mass (BM)], maximum curvilinear length [carapace length (CL)], and width [carapace width (CW)] of the carapace, maximum curvilinear length [plastron length (PL)], and width [plastron width PW] of the plastron), and the tail (total length of the tail [TLT], pre-cloacal tail length [PrCL], post-cloacal tail length [PoCL]) were measured after 24 h fasting. Results: T. s. elegans displayed higher BM, CL, CW, PL, PW, AST, TP, albumin, and globulin values. T. dorbignyi displayed higher values of glucose, TLT, and PrCL. Variables aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total protein (TP) in T. s. elegans and glucose in T. dorbignyi explained most of the variance between the species and could serve to distinguish them. Conclusion: We conclude that most of the differences between T. s. elegans and T. dorbignyi shall be explained by biometric variables, AST, TP, and glucose, which characterize interspecific differences. Our results point out terms of reference for these species bred in captivity in the semiarid region of Brazilian Northeastern region and serve as a model for the comparative intra- and inter-species physiology and as a base for the health assessment of these species.

Introduction: Understanding the dynamics of spermatogenesis is crucial to clinical andrology and to understanding the processes which define the ability to produce sperm. However, the entire process cannot be modeled in vitro and guinea pig may be an alternative as animal model for studying human reproduction. Objective: In order to establish morphological patterns of the testicular development and spermatogenesis in guinea pigs, we examined testis to assess changes in the testis architecture, transition time from spermatocytes to elongated spermatids and stablishment of puberty. Materials and methods: We used macroscopic analysis, microstructural analysis and absolute measures of seminiferous tubules by light microscopy in fifty-five guinea pigs from one to eleven weeks of age. Results: Differences in relation to mass, length and width of the testes appeared at week 3 and were intensified in week 6 with the puberty. At week 2 the first spermatocytes at preleptotene/leptotene appeared, indicating the onset of meiosis. At week 6 the seminiferous tubules formed lumen, differentiated Sertoli cells and all kinds of germ cells; spermatozoa released into the lumen and the largest expansion of tubular diameter and height of the seminiferous epithelium occurred. Transition time from spermatocytes to elongated spermatids was estimated in 21 days. Conclusion: We conclude that the testicular development and puberty are faster than in other mammal and rodent species, demonstrating the suitability of the guinea pig testes as a model for studies of the testicular development and spermatogenesis.

ABSTRACT.-Gradela A., Souza V.N., Queiroz M.M., Constantino A.C., Bandeira C.G. This study aimed to evaluate the body biometry and hematological profile of Trachemys scripta elegans (N=28) and Trachemys dorbignyi (N=22) reared in captivity in the Brazilian submedium northeastern semi-arid region in the Valley of the São Francisco river. It aimed to establish basic health blood values and generate useful data on the comparative physiology of Testudines. After 120-day adaptation and 24-hour fasting, 2.5mL of blood were collected from the dorsal occipital sinus and deposited into a tube with sodium heparin for evaluation, following, of hematological levels. The red blood cell count (RBC) and GLC was conducted in a Neubauer chamber, the hemoglobin level (HGB) was supplied by the cyanmethemoglobin method and the hematocrit (HCT) was obtained by the microhematocrit technique. Based on the RBC, the hematimetric were mathematically established. Body biometry were also evaluated: a) body mass (BM, g); b) maximum dimensions of the carapace [length (MLC, cm) and width (MWC, cm)]; c) maximum dimensions of plastron [length (MLP, cm) and width (MWP, cm)]; d) total length of tail (TLT, cm); e) linear length from the base of the tail to the cloacal orifice (LPrC, cm); f) linear length from the cloacal orifice to the extremity of the tail (LPoC, cm). T. scripta elegans showed higher values (P<0.05) for biometrics, while TLT and LPrC were higher (P<0.05) in T. dorbignyi. The hematological values did not differ (P>0.05) among species. The results show that most of the variation found between T. scripta elegans and T. dorbignyi is explained by the biometric variables and that some hematologic correlations characterize interspecies differences. It was conclude that the results shed light on benchmarks for these species kept in captivity in the northeastern semi-arid region and serve as a model for intra and interspecies comparative physiology.

ResumoO objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a inervação do músculo diafragma em gatos, proveniente dos nervos intercostais, contradizendo diversos autores que afirmam ser este músculo inervado apenas pelos ramos dos nervos frênicos direito e esquerdo. Foi observado que existe a frequência de nervos dispostos entre o 8º e o 11º espaços intercostais.Palavras-chave: Gato. Diafragma. Nervos intercostais. AbstractThe knowledge of organism's anatomy is essential to conduct any experiment or study with itself. Based on that, we decided to analyze and study in details the innervation of the diaphragm muscle from intercostal nerves in cats. It goes beyond other authors' analysis that describes only the innervation from phrenic nerves. Despite we have got a range of results, we observed a major frequency of eighth to tenth intercostal nerves going to diaphragm muscle.