RESUMO -Avaliaram-se 20 cordeiros machos ¾ mestiços Suffolk submetidos a dietas isoprotéicas (21% proteína bruta) e isoenergéticas (2,9 Mcal EM/kg MS), nas formas farelada e peletizada, e abatidos com 26 e 28 kg de peso vivo. Os cordeiros tiveram acesso ao creep feeding, permanecendo com as ovelhas até atingirem o peso de abate. A ração peletizada promoveu maior rendimento de carcaça quente (54,18% para ração peletizada e 52,04% para ração farelada) e maior rendimento verdadeiro (58,37% peletizada e 56,66% farelada). O peso vivo final não interferiu nos pesos das carcaças quente e fria (12,79 e 13,05 kg para 26 e 28 kg de peso vivo final, respectivamente). Não houve interferência da forma física da ração e do peso vivo final dos animais na área do olho de lombo e no comprimento do lombo. A largura do lombo e a máxima espessura de gordura foram maiores nas carcaças dos animais que receberam ração peletizada e a mínima espessura foi inferior nos animais abatidos com 26 kg de peso vivo (1,48 e 1,77 cm para os cordeiros abatidos com 26 e 28 kg, respectivamente). Concluiu-se que o uso da ração peletizada proporcionou aos cordeiros melhoria dos índices de rendimento de carcaça quente, rendimento biológico, profundidade do lombo e índice de compacidade da carcaça. O peso vivo de 26 kg apresentou-se como o mais satisfatório para o abate de cordeiros, por apresentar características de carcaça semelhantes àqueles abatidos com 28 kg.Palavras-chave: carcaça, cordeiros, creep feeding, suplementação Diet Physical Form and Slaughter Weight on Carcass Traits of Lambs on Creep FeedingABSTRACT -Twenty 3/4 Suffolk male lambs were fed ground and pelleted diets and slaughtered at 26 and 28 kg of liveweight. Diets were isoprotein (21% CP) and isoenergetic (2.9 Mcal ME/kg DM). Lambs had free entrance on creep feeding, staying with their mothers until reaching slaughter weight. Pelleted diet resulted in higher hot dressing-out percentages (54.18% for pelleted diet and 52.04% for ground one) and higher true dressing-out percentages (58.37% for pelleted diet and 56.66% for ground one). Hot and cold dressingout percentages were not affected by final liveweight (12.79 and 13.05 kg for 26 and 28 kg slaughter live weight, respectively). Diet physical form and final live weight did not affect Longissimus muscle area and length. Loin width and maximal fat depth were higher for lambs fed pelleted diet and minimum fat depth was lower for lambs slaughtered at 26 kg of live weight (1.48 and 1.77 cm for lambs slaughtered at 26 and 28 kg, respectively). It was concluded that pelleted diets provided better hot carcass and biological dressing-out percentages and loin depth and compactness carcass index. Live weight of 26 kg was considered the most useful for lambs slaughter because presented similar carcass traits compared to 28 kg. IntroduçãoO consumo de carne magra tem-se intensificado em muitos países devido a mudanças no padrão de consumo. O excesso de gordura, como conseqüência do abate tardio, além de afetar a qualidade da carcaça, repercute na...

-The objective of this experiment was to estimate the curve of dehydration, chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and crude protein digestibility (IVCPD) of tifton 85 hay, produced single or overseeded with ryegrass or white oat IPR 126. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 3 × 10 factorial arrangement, with three cropping systems and ten evaluation times (0, 4, 8, 24, 28, 32, 48, 52 and 56 and 71 hours after harvest) during the dehydration process. For chemical composition and in vitro DM and CP digestibility, the experimental design was in randomized blocks with three cropping systems and three evaluation times (before cutting, before baling and 100 days after of storage). It was found that tifton 85 intercropped with white oat kept its higher nutritional value after storage, with 19.78% crude protein and 70.03% of in vitro dry matter digestibility. The participation of white oat in tifton 85 area was 57.04% and for ryegrass, it was 38.52%, but the dry matter yield of single tifton 85 was higher than other intercrops. Thus, it is recommended an oversowing of winter annual species on Tifton 85, without moisture restriction, because of the benefits obtained in the hay nutritional value.

O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Setor de Ovinocultura da Universidade de Marília, SP, objetivando avaliar o efeito dos três níveis de energia (2,6; 2,8 e 3,0 Mcal EM/kg MS) sobre as medidas objetivas das carcaças e do lombo, pesos e rendimentos dos cortes, além da composição tecidual e musculosidade da carcaça de cordeiros alimentados em creep feeding. As rações foram isoprotéicas (18,50% PB), fornecidas ad libitum, duas vezes ao dia. Os cordeiros permaneceram com as ovelhas até o abate, quando atingiam o peso preestabelecido de 31 kg. Posteriormente, os animais foram submetidos a jejum alimentar, registrando-se o peso vivo ao abate. Durante o resfriamento na câmara de refrigeração a 5ºC, por 24 horas, as carcaças foram penduradas pelas articulações tarso metartasiana, distanciadas em 17 cm; sendo em seguida mensuradas. As carcaças foram seccionadas ao meio e a metade esquerda dividida em sete regiões anatômicas (paleta, perna, lombo, costelas falsas, costelas verdadeiras, baixo e pescoço), possibilitando o cálculo dos pesos e rendimentos dos cortes. Posteriormente, efetuou-se as mensurações no músculo Longissimus dorsi e a perna esquerda foi dissecada e determinados os pesos dos músculos, da gordura e dos ossos, além de calculado o índice de musculosidade. Os resultados revelaram diferenças significativas para as medidas de profundidade do tórax, peso e rendimento das costelas verdadeiras e gordura intermuscular da perna, sendo que o nível de 3,0 Mcal EM na ração proporcionou os melhores resultados, para cordeiros Suffolk alimentados e terminados em creep feeding.

No abstract

-This research study was conducted to evaluate, by means of microbiological analyses, the preservation of wet brewery waste stored under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, regarding the development of filamentous fungi, yeasts and lactic-acid bacteria. The following treatments were used: untreated brewery waste, pre-dried brewery waste silage, brewery waste silage with effluent drainage and BW silage without effluent drainage. Silos made of PVC and equipped with Bunsen valves to allow gases to escape were used. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), temperature (°C) and pH in the untreated BW, in the stored brewery waste and in the brewery waste silage upon silo opening, after 60 days of ensilage were analyzed. A completely randomized design was used. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by the Tukey test at the 5% probability level. The preservation of brewery waste packaged under aerobic conditions was not appropriate due to the development of filamentous fungi and yeasts; however, storage under anaerobic conditions proved to be an effective conservation process.

Efeito da época e sistema de semeadura da Brachiaria brizantha em consórcio com o milho, sobre os componentes de produção e propriedades físicas do solo Effect of time of sowing and system Brachiaria brizantha intercropped with maize on yield components and soil physical properties AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the development of Brachiaria brizantha-MG-4; sown in two seasons and two seeding systems in space between two rows, and to evaluate the effect of intercropping on maize yield, as well as evaluating the physical properties of the soil after the consortium. experimental design was randomized blocks as a factorial 2x2, and an additional treatment that was corn cultivation single, with four replications. The treatments consisted two intercropping systems: corn intercropped with Brachiaria brizantha in the row, and corn intercropped with Brachiaria brizantha in space between two rows, and two times of sowing Brachiaria brizantha: simultaneously corn, and twenty-five days after sowing corn. The seed was planted mechanically in no-tillage system, with spacing between the lines of 0,70 m. The ears were harvested by hand and in the laboratory were evaluated: yield components and productivity. Brachiaria brizantha-MG-4 was sown and harvested manually. We evaluated the production of fresh and dry mass and yield components. For soil analyzes the soil was sampled at 0-0.10 and 0,10-0,20 m. Were determined the total porosity, macroporosity and microporosity. The results demonstrated that the production components of Brachiaria brizantha were lower when it was sown twenty-five days after sowing corn, and between sowing systems when Brachiaria brizantha was sown in line. There was no reduction in grain yield of maize intercropped with Brachiaria system independent and sowing date. The consortium of pasture with corn increased the total porosity, and reduced soil bulk density.

RESUMO -O trabalho foi realizado no Setor de Ovinocultura da Universidade de Marília, objetivando estudar os efeitos de três níveis de energia (2,6; 2,8 e 3,0 Mcal EM/kg MS) na ração de cordeiros inteiros Suffolk criados em creep feeding, sobre o desempenho e características de carcaça. Na parição numerava-se e registravam-se o peso ao nascer dos cordeiros que, posteriormente, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente, compondo doze repetições por tratamento. As rações foram isoprotéicas (18,46% PB) fornecidas ad libitum duas vezes ao dia, pesandose as respectivas sobras. Os cordeiros foram pesados a cada 14 dias, permanecendo com as ovelhas até atingirem o peso vivo final, preestabelecido em 31 kg. Em seguida, os cordeiros permaneceram em jejum alimentar por 16 horas, até o momento do abate, obtendo-se o peso vivo ao abate. Após o abate, registraram-se o s pesos da carcaça quente e do conteúdo digestivo, para o cálculo do peso de corpo vazio. As carcaças permanecerem por 24 horas na câmara de refrigeração em temperatura de 5 º C, obtendo-se o peso da carcaça fria. Para o ganho médio diário ocorreu diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, utilizando-se como covariável a idade de abate, com melhor desempenho para os cordeiros que receberam a ração com 3,0 Mcal EM. Para as características da carcaça não houve efeito dos tratamentos. Concluiuse que o nível 3,0 Mcal EM foi o mais indicado para a ração de cordeiros Suffolk alimentados e terminados em creep feeding. Palavras-chave: comedouro seletivo, crescimento dos ovinos, suplementação Performance and Carcass Traits of Lambs Fed Diets with Different Energy Levels Grown in Creep FeedingABSTRACT -The experiment was carried out at Sheep Production Department, Universidade de Marília-SP, to evaluate the effect of rations with three energy levels fed to Suffolk lambs grown in creep feeding, on performance and carcass traits. At birth, lambs were identified, weighed and, then, randomly allotted to the treatments, with 12 replications for different energy levels. Lambs fed isoproteins rations ad libitum, twice a day, and orts were daily recorded. Lambs were weighed at each 14 days and stayed with their dams until final live weight, 31 kg. After, lambs were fasted for 16 h until slaughter, when slaughter live weight was recoded. Hot carcass weight and digestive content were recorded to estimate empty live weight. Then, carcasses were maintained 24 h at 5ºC, and was recorded cold carcass weight. Average daily live weight gain was affected by treatments, with slaughter age as covariable. Higher performance values were observed for lambs fed rations with 3.0 Mcal ME. Considering carcasses traits, there was no effect of treatments. It was concluded that 3.0 Mcal ME was the most indicated for rations of Suffolk lambs fed and finished in creep feeding.

RESUMOO experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental da Unioeste, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brasil, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de doses crescentes de N sobre características estruturais e composição química de três gramíneas forrageiras tropicais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, com três forrageiras tropicais (Panicum maximum cvs. tanzânia e mombaça, e Brachiaria sp. cv. mulato) e quatro doses de N (0; 40; 80 e 160 kg/ha) tendo como fonte a uréia. Foram avaliados: a altura do dossel, a relação folha/colmo, a proporção de folhas e de colmos na forragem produzida, o diâmetro e a altura do pseudocolmo, e os teores de proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e matéria mineral (MM). Houve efeito das doses de N sobre a altura do dossel e sobre a altura do pseudocolmo, que apresentaram comportamento quadrático. A relação folha/colmo respondeu de forma negativa às doses de N, enquanto o diâmetro do pseudocolmo foi influenciado apenas pelas forrageiras. Para o teor de PB foi constatada significância da interação dos fatores, de forma que na dose de 80 kg/ha de N o capim tanzânia foi superior aos demais. Os teores de FDN responderam de forma quadrática às doses de N, enquanto os teores de FDA foram influenciados apenas pelas forrageiras. SUMMARYThe experiment was carried out in the experimental farm of Unioeste, Marechal Candido Rondon, PR, Brasil, with the objective of evaluate the effects of increasing N doses under structural features and chemical composition of three tropical forage grasses. The experimental design used was of randomized blocks in factorial scheme 3x4, with three tropical forages (Panicum maximum cvs. tanzânia and mombaça, and Brachiaria sp. cv. mulato) and four doses of N (0; 40; 80 and 160 kg/ha) taking urea as N sources. Were evaluated: canopy height leaf/stem ratio, diameter and height of pseudoculm, and contents of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and mineral matter (MM). There was effect of N doses on canopy height and height of pseudoculm that showed quadratic behavior. The leaf/stem ratio responded negatively to N doses, while the diameter of pseudoculm was influenced only by forages. For CP content was found significance of interaction of factors, being that in dose of 80 kg/ha of N the Tanzania grass was higher than the other. The contents of NDF responded of form quadratic to N doses, while the contents of ADF were influenced only by forages. INTRODUÇÃOAs pastagens pela sua praticidade e