-This research study was conducted to evaluate, by means of microbiological analyses, the preservation of wet brewery waste stored under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, regarding the development of filamentous fungi, yeasts and lactic-acid bacteria. The following treatments were used: untreated brewery waste, pre-dried brewery waste silage, brewery waste silage with effluent drainage and BW silage without effluent drainage. Silos made of PVC and equipped with Bunsen valves to allow gases to escape were used. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), temperature (°C) and pH in the untreated BW, in the stored brewery waste and in the brewery waste silage upon silo opening, after 60 days of ensilage were analyzed. A completely randomized design was used. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by the Tukey test at the 5% probability level. The preservation of brewery waste packaged under aerobic conditions was not appropriate due to the development of filamentous fungi and yeasts; however, storage under anaerobic conditions proved to be an effective conservation process.

The aim of this study was to determine the best level of utilization of dried waste of cassava starch extraction (WCSEd) as a substitute for corn for lactating cows. Four lactating cows were fed diets with increasing levels (0%, 33%, 66% and 100%) of WCSEd as a substitute for corn. The intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, milk production and composition, blood parameters of glucose and urea and microbial synthesis of the diets were evaluated. There was a reduction in dry matter intake, organic matter, ether extract and total carbohydrate, and increased intake of acid detergent fiber. Nutrient digestibility was not affected while the synthesis of microbial protein increased. These changes resulted in reduced milk production, without altering the efficiency of production or the constituents of milk, with a decreasing effect on daily production of lactose, solids and minerals. Metabolic parameters, glucose and urea nitrogen in plasma, remained within appropriate levels. The dried residue from the extraction of cassava starch can be used as feed for dairy cows to replace up to 100% of the corn ration. However, its use promotes a reduction in intake of dry matter and nutrients as well as a reduction in the production of milk, with impacts on the profitability of the product.

This trial aimed at determining the dehydration curve at nine times (0, 3, 6, 9, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 46 hours after cuting of the plants); the leaf/stem ratio and number of leaves per stem in alfalfa submitted to four managements during the drying process. It was also evaluated the bromatologic composition and in vitro digestibility of the dry matter and cell wall of alfalfa hay before storage. The drying methods applied for alfalfa were the following: drying in the field until 50% DM and drying conclusion in an airy shed; drying in the field without turning; drying with only one turning and drying with two turnings. The experimental design was completely randomized with four drying methods and five replications. Leaf dehydration was faster when compared to the stems in all drying methods. Drying in the shed promoted the lesser re-hydration of the plants at night due to dew. It was also verified that alfalfa hays that remained under the sun and were turned showed the worst quality with reduction in crude protein contents and increase in NDF, ADF, NDIN and ADIN. However, in vitro dry matter digestibility and cell wall digestibility did not suffer any alteration because of the different dehydration methods (69.79 and 41.39%, respectively). There is a market fall of leaves and a reduction on the number of leaves per stem with the turnings.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the supply of wet brewers grain silage with and without nutrient additives in ensiling (wheat bran, soybeans hulls and ground corn), and the effect of additives on the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients as well as the efficiency, production and milk composition of Holstein cows. Four multiparous Holstein cows were used, with an average milk production of 25 liters per day. The cows were randomly assigned, via the Latin Square design (4x4), to one of four experimental diets. The experimental period was 21 days. The results obtained in the experiment were evaluated by analysis of variance, Fisher's F test and Tukey's test at 5 % probability. The experimental diets consisted of wet brewers grain silage alone, and this silage with the addition of wheat bran, soybean hulls or ground corn. The diets did not affect the initial body weight of the animals. Diets containing wheat bran and ground corn provided a higher intake of dry matter (21.78 -1 DM) when cows were fed diets containing soybean hulls and ground corn, respectively, were higher than other diets. The different diets did not change daily milk production, milk production corrected for 3.5 % fat or milk composition. The milk urea nitrogen from cows fed ground corn diets was a lower concentration (17.67 mg dL -1 ), however, it was still above the suitable range (10 to 14 mg dL -1 ). Providing wet brewers grain silage with soybeans hulls or ground corn to Holstein cows increased the digestibility of dry matter and nutrients. However, the use of silages with wheat bran, soybean hulls or ground corn did not alter the efficiency, production or milk composition of cows fed with these silages. Key words: Nutrient additives. Agro-industrial by-products. Ground corn. Soybean hulls. Milk urea nitrogen. Wheat bran. ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar a inclusão do farelo de trigo (FT), casca do grão de soja (CGS) ou milho moído (MM) na ensilagem do resíduo úmido de cervejaria (RUC), e seus efeitos sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade da matéria seca e dos nutrientes, bem como, sobre a eficiência, produção e composição do leite de vacas da raça Holandês. Foram utilizadas quatro vacas da raça Holandês, multíparas, com produção média de 28 litros/dia, distribuídas no delineamento em quadrado latino (4x4), com quatro períodos experimentais de 21 dias e quatro silagens. As vacas foram alimentadas com dietas compostas por feno de Tifton 85, silagens do RUC e ração concentrada. Os tratamentos consistiram de silagem do RUC (SRUC), silagem do RUC com FT (SRFT), CGS (SRCGS) ou MM (SRMM). As dietas não interferiram no peso corporal dos animais. As inclusões do FT ou MM, na ensilagem do RUC, proporcionaram maiores consumos de matéria seca e matéria orgânica das dietas SRFT e SRMM. As maiores digestibilidades da matéria seca, orgânica, fibra em detergente neutro e proteína bruta foram observadas nas dietas SRCGS e SRMM. A produção diária, a produção corrigida para 3,5 % de gordura e a composição do leite não foram alteradas pela...

The use of tropical grasses silage has become common in ruminant feed. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the fermentation characteristics, nutritional value, pH, fermentative capacity, ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen (NH3N/total N) of Tifton 85 bermudagrass grass silage with different additives and wilting. The treatments were: pre-drying in the sun for two hours before silage, use of inoculant-enzymatic addition of soybean hulls, corn grits addition and use of salt in the surface layer of the silo. The experimental design was completely randomized with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Plants of Tifton 85 bermudagrass with 38 days of growth were ensiled in experimental silos with Bunsen valve type with packing densities of 236 kg of silage per m 3 for Tifton 85 bermudagrass pre-dried in the sun and 294 kg of silage per m 3 for the other treatments. The proportions of soybean hulls and corn grits added to the silage were calculated based on the initial DM content of Tifton 85 bermudagrass order to obtain MS 320 g kg -1 for the material to be ensiled. The buffering capacity did not differ between treatments in getting 29.56 (meqHCl/100gMS). It was found that the concentration of ammonia nitrogen did not differ between silages and remained low (3.22 g kg -1 ), the pH after silo opening was also similar with an average of 4.09 getting above 4.2 only in Tifton 85 bermudagrass silage without pre-treatment. The crude protein was higher in silages Tifton 85 bermudagrass and Tifton 85 bermudagrass with soybean hulls (17.48 g kg -1 ). The use corn grits caused a reduction in the values of NDF. The use of salt on the surface the layer reduced the production of latic and acetic acid.Index terms: Acid latic, corn grits, enzymatic-bacterian inoculant, ammonia nitrogen, soybean hulls. RESUMOO uso de silagem de gramíneas tropicas tem se tornado comum na alimentação de ruminante. Conduziu-se um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar o perfil fermentativo e valor nutricional da silagem de capim Tifton 85 com diferentes aditivos e emurchecimento. Os tratamentos foram: pré-secagem ao sol por 2 horas antes de ensilar, uso de inoculante bacteriano-enzimático, adição de casca de soja, adição de quirera de milho e uso de sal grosso na camada superficial do silo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Plantas de capim Tifton 85 com 38 dias de crescimento foram ensiladas em silos experimentais com válvula tipo Bunsen com densidades de compactação de 236 kg de silagem por m 3 para o Tifton 85 pré-seco ao sol e 294 kg de silagem por m 3 para os demais tratamentos. As proporções de casca de soja e quirera de milho, adicionados à silagem, foram calculados com base no teor de MS inicial do Tifton 85 visando à obtenção de MS de 320 g kg -1 para o material a ser ensilado. A capacidade tampão não diferiu entre tratamentos ficando em 29,56 (meqHCl/100gMS). Verificou-se que os teores de nitrogênio amoniacal não diferiram entre as silagens e mantiveram-se baixos (32,2 g kg -1 ), o ...