RESUMO.Foi realizada análise bromatológica da casca do grão de soja (CGS), farelo de soja, milho moído e farelo de trigo; ensaio de digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) e da parede celular (DIVPC) dos referidos alimentos; e degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO) e energia bruta (EB), da CGS moída (CSM) ou peletizada (CSP). Para a determinação da DIVMS e DIVPC, foram realizadas três coletas de líquido ruminal, com intervalos de uma semana. Para a determinação da degradabilidade in situ da MS, MO e EB, foram utilizadas três vacas munidas de fistula ruminal. Os tempos de incubação foram: 3, 6, 12, 24 e 48 horas, sendo que o tempo zero foi realizado no laboratório. Foram determinadas as percentagens de degradação e das degradabilidades efetivas para MS, MO e EB. A partir dos resultados encontrados, conclui-se que a CGS pode ser utilizada como um alimento alternativo nas rações de bovinos. Palavras-chave: composição química, bovinos, degradabilidade in situ, digestibilidade in vitro.ABSTRACT. Nutritional value of soybean hulls, soybean meal, ground corn and wheat meal for cattle. The experiment was divided into three parts: composition analysis of soybean hulls (SH), soybean meal, ground corn and wheat meal; in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM) and cellular wall (IVDCW) of the feeds mentioned above; in situ degradation of dry matter (ISDDM), organic matter (ISDOM) and gross energy (ISDGE), of milled (MSH) or pelleted (PSH) soybean hulls. Three collections of rumen liquid were undertaken for IVDDM and IVDCW at weekly intervals. Three rumen fistulated cows were utilized for the estimates of ISDDM, ISDOM and ISDGE. Incubation periods were 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours, whereas zero time was achieved in the laboratory. Degradation percentages and the percentages of real degradability for dry matter, organic matter and gross energy were reported. Results showed that SH could be used as an alternative food in cattle rations.

An empirical investigation was conducted to study whether dairy farmers involved in horizontal arrangements (HA)

-The objective of this paper was to analyze financial management practices in dairy production systems. More specifically, we sought to identify which milk producers adopt financial management practices. We conducted 55 semistructured questionnaires in the Western Region of Paraná. The data were processed through descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis. The analysis of hierarchical clusters defined, based on variables related to financial management practices, two distinct groups. The first group included milk producers who do not adopt financial management practices (N = 49) and the second group described the milk producers who do adopt these practices (N = 6). We then used Common Factor Analysis, along with structural, technical, productive, and socioeconomic variables to define the three factors that best explained the variance between the clusters: factor 1 -structural; factor 2 -social; factor 3 -informational. Smaller dairy production systems, with lower production, managed by younger producers, and employing younger workers, are those adopting financial management practices. Therefore, the scarcity of resources is not a limiting factor in the adoption of financial management practices.

-This research study was conducted to evaluate, by means of microbiological analyses, the preservation of wet brewery waste stored under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, regarding the development of filamentous fungi, yeasts and lactic-acid bacteria. The following treatments were used: untreated brewery waste, pre-dried brewery waste silage, brewery waste silage with effluent drainage and BW silage without effluent drainage. Silos made of PVC and equipped with Bunsen valves to allow gases to escape were used. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), temperature (°C) and pH in the untreated BW, in the stored brewery waste and in the brewery waste silage upon silo opening, after 60 days of ensilage were analyzed. A completely randomized design was used. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by the Tukey test at the 5% probability level. The preservation of brewery waste packaged under aerobic conditions was not appropriate due to the development of filamentous fungi and yeasts; however, storage under anaerobic conditions proved to be an effective conservation process.

RESUMO -Foram utilizados 27 cabritos Boer x Saanen (15 machos e 12 fêmeas, 25,75 ± 3,80 kg PV) distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado para avaliar os os efeitos da substituição de casca do grão de soja (CGS) por grão de milho moído (GMM) sobre o desempenho e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes da dieta. As rações foram compostas de feno de grama-estrela (Cynodon spp.), farelo de soja, milho, casca do grão de soja e minerais, sendo os tratamentos constituídos de 0 (GMM), 50 (CGS50) e 100% (CGS100) de substituição do milho pela casca do grão de soja. O período experimental foi de 42 dias e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes foi determinada utilizando-se a FDN indigestível como indicador. Os tratamentos não diferiram quanto às ingestões de MS, MO e PB, ao ganho de peso médio diário e à conversão alimentar. A utilização da CGS resultou em diminuição dos coeficientes de digestibilidade da MS, MO e PB e aumento dos coeficientes de digestibilidade da FDN e do amido. A digestibilidade in vitro da MS foi maior no tratamento GMM, mas a da parede celular não diferiu entre os tratamentos. A casca do grão de soja apresentou 23,87; 0,19; 55,89 e 20,05% das frações A, B1, B2 e C dos carboidratos e 35,22; 8,19; 31,61; 15,46 e 9,52% das frações A, B1, B2, B3 e C da proteína. A casca do grão de soja, quando utilizada em até 100% de substituição ao milho nas rações, não altera o desempenho de cabritos em crescimento, mas diminui a digestibilidade da MS, MO e da proteína e aumenta a da FDN.Palavras-chave: caprinos, digestão, ganho de peso, subprodutos Effects of replacing ground corn with soybean hulls on performance and apparent digestibility of nutrients in feedlot Boer x Saanen kidsABSTRACT -Twenty-seven Boer x Saanen goat kids (15 males and 12 females) averaging 25.75 ± 3.80 kg of initial BW were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of replacing ground corn grain (GCG) with soybean hulls (SH) on performance and apparent digestibility of nutrients. Diets contained star grass hay (Cynodon spp.), soybean meal, minerals, and one of the following levels of SH: 0% (GCG diet), 50% (SH50) or 100% (SH100). The experimental period lasted 42 days and indigestible NDF was used as the internal marker to estimate fecal output and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients. There was no difference among treatments for the intakes of DM, OM, and CP as well as for the average daily gain and feed conversion. Replacing GCG with SH in the diet decreased the apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, and CP and increased those of NDF and starch. The in vitro DM digestibility was greatest on GCG, intermediate on SH50, and lowest on SH100 diet while no significant differences were observed for cell was digestibility across treatments. Performance of growing kids was not affected by replacing all dietary GCG with SH. However, digestibility of DM, OM, and CP decreased while that of NDF increased by including SH on diets of growing kids.

RESUMO -O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a curva de lactação e a qualidade do leite de cabras Saanen recebendo rações com diferentes relações volumoso:concentrado. Foram utilizadas 20 cabras (59,59 kg ± 6,97) em lactação, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco relações volumoso:concentrado nas rações (40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 e 80:20), correspondentes a 2,95; 2,83; 2,70; 2,58 e 2,46 Mcal de EM/kg MS. Os animais permaneceram alojados, durante 152 dias, em baias individuais com controle diário da ração ingerida e da produção de leite. Os tratamentos não influenciaram o peso vivo (kg) das cabras. A ingestão de matéria seca (kg/dia) variou ao longo do ciclo produtivo. A produção de leite foi influenciada pelos tratamentos, de modo que a ração com maior concentração energética proporcionou maior produção de leite. Não foram verificadas diferenças entre os tratamentos para os constituintes do leite, a produção inicial, a taxa de acréscimo de produção até o pico de lactação e a taxa de declínio de produção após o pico. No entanto, foi observado efeito linear negativo para o dia de produção no pico e a produção no pico. A relação volumoso:concentrado com maior concentração energética melhora o desempenho produtivo dos animais, sem alterar a qualidade do leite.Palavras-chave: cabra leiteira, ingestão, níveis energéticos, peso vivo Lactation Curve and Milk Quality of Saanen Goats Fed Diets with DifferentForage:Concentrate Ratios ABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to evaluate the lactation curve and milk quality of Saanen goats receiving diets with different forage:concentrate ratios. Twenty goats averaging 59.59 ± 6.97 kg of body weight were assigned to a completely randomized design. The following forage:concentrate ratios were used: 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, or 80:20 and provided 2.95, 2.83, 2.70, 2.58, or 2.46 Mcal ME/kg DM, respectively. Animals were confined during 152 days in individual stalls with daily measurements of intake and milk yield. Body weight of goats fed increasing levels of forage did not change significantly in this trial but the opposite was observed for DM intake (kg/day) with the progress of lactation. Milk yield also was affected by treatments; in fact, milk production was highest in the diet with the greatest energy content. However, different forage:concentrate ratios did not affect milk components, initial milk yield, incremental production rate until lactation peak, and decline production rate after lactation peak. Conversely, day that goats reached peak production and production at peak were both reduced linearly when forage was increased in the diet. The diet with the greatest forage:concentrate ratio and energy level improved animal production with no compromise of milk quality.

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