Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of swellings in the head and neck regions. Methods: For this study, 70 cases with clinically obvious swellings in head and neck regions were selected randomly. The ultrasonographic features considered were shape, boundary, echo intensity, ultrasound architecture of lesion, posterior echoes and ultrasound characteristic of tissues. Intergroup comparisons were made between four different types of swellings: inflammatory; cystic; benign; and malignant. Results: A comparison was made between benign and malignant neoplasms, and the criteria of boundary, echo intensity and ultrasound architecture of lesions are statistically significant as the P-value is ,0.05. The comparison of inflammatory swellings and malignant neoplasms shows that criteria of boundary and ultrasound architecture of lesions are statistically significant. The comparison of cystic swellings and benign neoplasms concluded that only the criterion of ultrasound characteristics of tissues is statistically significant. The comparison of inflammatory swellings and benign neoplasms shows that the criteria of boundary and echo intensity are statistically significant. The comparison of inflammatory swellings and cystic swellings concluded that the criteria of boundary, shape, echo intensity, posterior echoes and ultrasound characteristics of tissues are statistically significant. The comparison of cystic swellings and malignant neoplasms concluded that the criteria of ultrasonography, boundary, shape, echo intensity, ultrasound architecture of lesion, posterior echoes and ultrasound characteristics of tissues are statistically significant as the P-value is ,0.05. Conclusion: It can be concluded that clinical diagnosis had a sensitivity and accuracy of 85.7% and ultrasonographic diagnosis had a sensitivity and accuracy of 98.5%.

Aim:To evaluate and compare the amount of debris and irrigant extruded quantitatively by using two hand and rotary nickel–titanium (Ni–Ti) instrumentation techniques.Materials and Methods:Eighty freshly extracted mandibular premolars having similar canal length and curvature were selected and mounted in a debris collection apparatus. After each instrument change, 1 ml of distilled water was used as an irrigant and the amount of irrigant extruded was measured using the Meyers and Montgomery method. After drying, the debris was weighed using an electronic microbalance to determine its weight.Statistical analysis used:The data was analyzed statistically to determine the mean difference between the groups. The mean weight of the dry debris and irrigant within the group and between the groups was calculated by the one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison (Dunnet D) test.Results:The step-back technique extruded a greater quantity of debris and irrigant in comparison to other hand and rotary Ni–Ti systems.Conclusions:All instrumentation techniques extrude debris and irrigant, it is prudent on the part of the clinician to select the instrumentation technique that extrudes the least amount of debris and irrigant, to prevent a flare-up phenomena.

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Background and Aim:Rising demand for aesthetic adhesive restorations has led to wide use of composites. A multilayer technique is recommended for success of these restorations. The surface layer of composite coming in contact with air forms a superficial sticky layer called oxygen inhibited layer, upon polymerization, allowing resins from both sides to cross the interface and form an interdiffusion zone. The present study was sought to test whether oxygen inhibited layer increases or decreases the shear bond strength at the interface of composites.Materials and Methods:A microhybrid composite Esthetic –X (Dentsply, Caulk) was used in this study. A cylindrical mold of composite, five mm thick and eight mm long, was prepared and embedded in acrylic resin molds after curing. This was placed in distilled water for two hours and sheared in universal testing machine at a cross head speed of one mm/sec.Statistical Analysis:Data analyzed statistically to determine the significant difference between the groups. Mean and standard deviation values were estimated for the study groups and compared by one way ANOVA.Results:No significant difference in shear bond strength of composites cured with and with out oxygen inhibited layer.Conclusions:The presence or absence of oxygen inhibited layer made no significant difference in shear bond strength of composite resins.

Ingestion of the endodontic instrument during root canal treatment is rare but can result in serious complications. The present paper reports a case in which endodontic file was accidentally swallowed by the patient undergoing root canal therapy, which entered digestive tract and passed uneventfully.

Many conditions affect the salivary glands. Acute sialadenitis is infectious or inflammatory disorders of the salivary glands. The exact frequency of submandibular sialadenitis is unclear. The acute conditions more typically involve the parotid and submandibular glands. During an acute inflammatory process, there is swelling of the affected gland, overlying pain, gland tenderness, fever, and on occasion difficulty in opening the mouth. Initial treatment should include rehydration oral antistaphylococcal antibiotic should be started while awaiting culture results. Hygiene and repeated massaging of the gland when tenderness had subsided. The present report describes a case of acute submandibular sialadenitis in a 70-year-old female.

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