Aim:To evaluate and compare the amount of debris and irrigant extruded quantitatively by using two hand and rotary nickel–titanium (Ni–Ti) instrumentation techniques.Materials and Methods:Eighty freshly extracted mandibular premolars having similar canal length and curvature were selected and mounted in a debris collection apparatus. After each instrument change, 1 ml of distilled water was used as an irrigant and the amount of irrigant extruded was measured using the Meyers and Montgomery method. After drying, the debris was weighed using an electronic microbalance to determine its weight.Statistical analysis used:The data was analyzed statistically to determine the mean difference between the groups. The mean weight of the dry debris and irrigant within the group and between the groups was calculated by the one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison (Dunnet D) test.Results:The step-back technique extruded a greater quantity of debris and irrigant in comparison to other hand and rotary Ni–Ti systems.Conclusions:All instrumentation techniques extrude debris and irrigant, it is prudent on the part of the clinician to select the instrumentation technique that extrudes the least amount of debris and irrigant, to prevent a flare-up phenomena.
Aims:The aim of the study was to check the antimicrobial activity of the 5% Sodium hypochlorite, 2% Chlorhexidine, 0.10% Octenidine (OCT), and 2% Silver Zeolite (SZ) at different time intervals against a single species biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans model prepared on a nitrocellulose membrane.Settings and Design:In vitro nitrocellulose biofilm model was used to check antibacterial efficacy of root canal irrigants.Materials and Methods:The in vitro nitrocellulose biofilm model was used to check the antibacterial activity of root canal irrigants. Single species biofilms were suspended into 96-well microtiter plate and treated with root canal irrigants for 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 s, respectively. The remaining microbial load in the form of colony-forming unit/ml after antimicrobial treatment was tabulated and data were statistically analyzed.Statistical Analysis:SPSS version 17, Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Wilcoxon matched pair test (P < 0.05) were used.Results:All tested microorganisms were eliminated within 30 s by all the antimicrobial substances tested except normal saline. 2% chlorhexidine and 0.10% OCT were equally effective against C. albicans at 30 s.Conclusion:The newly tested irrigants have shown considerable antibacterial activity against selected single species biofilm. OCT (0.10%) can be used as an alternative endodontic irrigant.
Background and Aim:Rising demand for aesthetic adhesive restorations has led to wide use of composites. A multilayer technique is recommended for success of these restorations. The surface layer of composite coming in contact with air forms a superficial sticky layer called oxygen inhibited layer, upon polymerization, allowing resins from both sides to cross the interface and form an interdiffusion zone. The present study was sought to test whether oxygen inhibited layer increases or decreases the shear bond strength at the interface of composites.Materials and Methods:A microhybrid composite Esthetic –X (Dentsply, Caulk) was used in this study. A cylindrical mold of composite, five mm thick and eight mm long, was prepared and embedded in acrylic resin molds after curing. This was placed in distilled water for two hours and sheared in universal testing machine at a cross head speed of one mm/sec.Statistical Analysis:Data analyzed statistically to determine the significant difference between the groups. Mean and standard deviation values were estimated for the study groups and compared by one way ANOVA.Results:No significant difference in shear bond strength of composites cured with and with out oxygen inhibited layer.Conclusions:The presence or absence of oxygen inhibited layer made no significant difference in shear bond strength of composite resins.
Background:The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of iPex and Vdw gold apex locators in detecting simulated root perforations in curved canals in the presence of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX).Materials and Methods:In this comparative in vitro study Twenty mandibular molars with curved mesial roots were selected and perforation was made in the danger zone 4 mm from the furcation area. The actual length of the perforation site was measured using stereomicroscope software using a #15 K file, following which the teeth were embedded in alginate molds. The perforation site was electronically measured using two apex locators, iPex and Vdw gold in dry condition and in the presence of 3% NaOCl and 2% CHX. The values obtained were compared using the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank test with level of statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05.Results:In dry condition, Vdw gold showed near accurate values, i.e., 0.25 mm from the manual value whereas iPex showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) of 0.76 mm from the manual value. In the presence of 3% NaOCl, both the apex locators showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) from the manual value with iPex showing a difference of 0.70 mm and Vdw gold showing a difference of 0.74 mm. The most accurate values were determined by both the apex locators in the presence of 2% CHX with iPex showing a deviation of 0.13 mm and Vdw gold showing a deviation of 0.39 mm from the manual.Conclusion:In dry condition, Vdw group showed better results than iPex in determining the length of the root perforation. In wet condition, in the presence of 2% CHX, both the apex locators accurately measured the perforation site, whereas in the presence of 3% NaOCl, both the apex locators showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) from the manual value in detecting the root perforation.
Aim:To evaluate the bacteria extruded apically during root canal preparation using two hand and rotary instrumentation techniques.Materials and Methods:Eighty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were mounted in bacteria collection apparatus. Root canals were contaminated with the pure culture of Enterococcus fecalis (ATCC 29212) and dried at 37°C for 24 h. Bacteria extruded were collected, incubated in brain heart infusion agar for 24 h at 36°C and the colony forming units (CFU) were counted.Statistical Analysis:The mean number of colony forming units were calculated by One-way ANOVA and comparison between the groups made by multiple comparison (Dunnet D) test.Results:The step-back technique extruded highest number of bacteria in comparison to other hand and rotary Ni–Ti systems.Conclusion:Under the limitation of this study all hand and rotary instrumentation techniques extruded bacteria. Among all the instrumentation techniques step-back technique extruded more number of bacteria and K-3 system the least. Further in vivo research in this direction could provide more insight into the biologic factors associated and focus on bacterial species that essentially play a major role in post instrumentation flare-ups.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.