In subtropical or tropical conditions, the insufficient winter chill accumulation is often a limiting factor to break the dormancy of temperate-climate species such as the blackberry, which requires using products to help break dormancy. This study evaluates the efficacy of compounds in breaking dormancy of blackberry and its consequent influence on phenology and crop yields. The experiment was conducted in São Manuel, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in the 2011/2012 production cycle. The plants used were two-year-old "Tupy" blackberry (Rubus spp.), with 0.6 × 4.0 m spacing (4.166 plants·ha −1 ). Pruning was performed in August, followed by the application of these treatments: control (water); hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex ® ); nitrogen fertilizer (Erger ® ) and mineral oil (Assist ® ). The concentrations of each compound used were: 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0% and 8.0%. The compounds used influenced the budding, flowering and fruit harvest stages, in addition to providing increased yields depending on the concentration used. For hydrogen cyanamide the recommended concentration is of 4.2% and 5.4% for nitrogen fertilizer; doses above these concentrations may cause phytotoxic effects. For mineral oil the dose recommended is of 8.0%.
RESUMO -O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características de crescimento, produção e caracterizar alguns atributos de qualidade dos frutos do cultivar de bananeira-Figo-Cinza em dois ciclos de produção, nos anos de 2009 e 2010. Foram avaliadas características de crescimento, tais como altura da planta, circunferência do pseudocaule, número de folhas ativas, número de perfilhos e número de dias entre o florescimento e a colheita. Estas medidas foram feitas na emissão da inflorescência. Foram mensuradas também as características de produção, como peso do cacho, número de frutos, número de pencas, número, comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos da 2ª penca. Em relação à qualidade dos frutos, foram analisados os atributos físicos e químicos: textura; pH; acidez titulável e sólidos solúveis. O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualisado, com dois tratamentos (ciclos), cinco repetições e duas plantas úteis por parcela experimental. Foi utilizado o teste de Tukey (P< 0,05) para a comparação entre as médias. Em geral, as características de crescimento e produção foram maiores no segundo ciclo, apresentando 134 dias do florescimento à colheita, circunferência do pseudocaule de 64,20 cm, altura de planta igual a 3,82 m e peso de cacho de 11,83 kg. Os atributos de qualidade não variaram entre os ciclos, exceto a textura, que foi maior no segundo ciclo, com valores médios de 993,31 gfcm -2 . Termos para indexação: Musa sp, crescimento, produção, qualidade. CHARACTERIZACION OF FIGO CINZA BANANA CULTIVAR IN TWO PRODUCTION CYCLESABSTRACT -The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth and the production characteristics, and to characterize the quality attributes of fruits of Figo Cinza cultivar in two production cycles, 2009 and 2010. Growth characteristics such as plant height, pseudostem circumference, number of actives leaves, number of suckers, number of days between flowering and harvest, were evaluated at the inflorescences emission. Production characteristics, such as bunch weight, number of fruits, number of hands and, number, length and diameter of the fruits of the 2 nd bunch were also measured. For fruit quality the following physical and chemical characteristics were analyzed: firmness, pH, titratable acidity and soluble solids. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (cycles), five replications and two plants per plot, and means were compared by Tukey test (P < 0.05). In general the characteristics of growth and production were higher in the second cycle, with 134 days from flowering to harvest, pseudostem circumference of 64.20cm, plant height of 3.82m and bunch weight of 11.83kg. The attributes of quality did not vary between cycles, but the texture was higher in the second cycle with an average of 993.31 gf cm -2 .
RESUMO Neste estudo, objetivou-se gerar e validar modelos de estimativa da área da folha da fi gueira 'Roxo de
The evaluation of the new cultivars adaptation and yield potential of Mangifera indica L. provides tools to assist and improve the mango production in different climates conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the phenological and reproductive development of five mango cultivars (Bourbon, Haden, Palmer, Parwin and Tommy Atkins), on climate conditions in dry land and four production cycles (from 08/2007 to 01/2011), at São Manuel, São Paulo state, Brazil. The variables were total plant height, trunk height, stem diameter and the first insertion diameter, fruits physical characteristics, yield and harvest period, flowering seasonality and morphological characterization of the inflorescences. It was found that the four-year-old plants of Haden cv. reach 4.0 m high and 0.20 m of trunk diameter. Bourbon cultivar had the highest flowering period, from April to October. Tommy Atkins cv. had productivities of 14779.07 kg•ha −1 in the fourth cycle and the productivity of Bourbon, Haden and Palmer cultivars was alternated.
RESUMO:O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características físico-químicas, bem como a aceitação sensorial de frutos de genótipos de bananeira em Botucatu/SP. As características avaliadas foram: textura, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares redutores totais, amido, teores de potássio e aceitação sensorial. Para a determinação das análises foram escolhidos 5 frutos da 2 a penca do cacho. O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualisado, com 11 tratamentos (genótipos) e cinco repetições. Para cada repetição foram utilizados 5 frutos. Conforme os tratamentos empregados, no grupo AAA, o cultivar Caipira apresentou os maiores teores de potássio (7,24 g.kg -1 ), contudo menor aceitação, evidenciada pela avaliação global (AVG), sendo os maiores teores de sólidos solúveis observados na bananeira (6,33 ºBrix). O cultivar Prata Zulu do grupo AAB destacou-se em relação aos demais cultivares do mesmo grupo, apresentando maiores teores de açúcares (0,49%), amido (34,40%) e baixa acidez (0,12% de ácido málico). Para o grupo AAAB, 'Fhia 18' apresentou maiores teores de açúcares (0,60%) e 'Prata Graúda' foi a mais aceita entre todos os grupos genômicos. Palavra-chave: Musa spp, genótipos, qualidade, aceitação sensorial. PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND SENSORIAL EVALUATION OF BANANA FRUITS
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