-The objective of this work was to estimate the global radiation by simplified models for the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The parameterized coefficients of 15 simplified models were regionally calibrated to estimate the daily global radiation, based only on air temperature, using data from 28 automatic weather stations (AWS) of the network of the Brazilian Meteorology Institute, distributed throughout the different biomes of the state of Mato Grosso. The simplified models are mostly derived from the Hargreaves and Bristow & Campbell methods, with different parameterized coefficients to be calibrated. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ), the mean bias error (MBE), the root mean square error (RMSE), and Willmott's d index were used to evaluate statistical performance. For the recommendation of models per station and/or biome, the models were rated numerically Index terms: air temperature, Amazon, Cerrado, parameterized coefficients, solar radiation. Radiação global por modelos simplificados para o Estado de Mato GrossoResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a radiação global por modelos simplificados para o Estado de Mato Grosso. Os coeficientes parametrizados de 15 modelos simplificados foram regionalmente calibrados para estimativa da radiação global diária, com base apenas na temperatura do ar, a partir de dados de 28 estações meteorológicas automáticas (EMAs) da rede do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, distribuídas nos diferentes biomas do Estado de Mato Grosso. Os modelos simplificados avaliados foram derivados principalmente dos métodos de Hargreaves e Bristow & Campbell, com diferentes coeficientes parametrizados a serem calibrados. Para a avaliação do desempenho estatístico, foram empregados o coeficiente de determinação (R por dia e ajustamentos superiores a 65%.Termos para indexação: temperatura do ar, Amazônia, Cerrado, coeficientes parametrizados, radiação solar.

Reference evapotranspiration estimated with simplified models for the state of Mato Grosso, BrazilAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of 12 simplified models for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The data were collected from automatic weather stations (AWS) of the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, located in 28 municipalities of the state. The following simplified estimation models were evaluated: Hargreaves-Samani, Camargo, Makkink, Linacre, McGinness-Bordne, Romanenko, Turc, Holdridge, Solar Radiation, Jensen-Haise, Hansen, and Caprio. The Fao 56 Penman-Monteith method (FPM) was used as reference for assessing the simplified estimates. Statistical performance was evaluated through relative mean error (RME), root mean square error (RMSE), Willmott's d index, and according to the numerical order of models for each index. The Makkink model overestimated ETo by 2.0 to 3.0 mm per day, with scattering values of 2.75 mm per day and 0.40 d index, which represented the worst results among models, regardless of the municipality evaluated. The Turc and McGinness-Bordne models showed the best performances for estimating ETo in 57.1 and 25% of the AWS, respectively. The Romanenko, Makkink, and Holdridge models are not recommended for the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.Index terms: minimum data, Turc model, Penman-Monteith, solar radiation, air temperature. IntroduçãoO crescimento populacional, a demanda por alimentos e os níveis de industrialização têm acarretado aumento do consumo dos recursos hídricos em escalas regionais e locais, o que exige um planejamento eficiente de sua oferta e demanda, para diferentes escalas temporais. Entre os diferentes usos desses recursos, a irrigação é uma das atividades com maior consumo de água (Bezerra et al., 2010).

This study determined the thermal requirements of forest native seedlings (Hymenolobium petraeum and Parkia pendula) and exotic seedlings (Adenanthera pavonina and Cassia fistula) all belonging to Fabaceae family, in three shading conditions (full sun, 50% and 65% of global radiation attenuation by poliefinas black screens). Also they were estimated of leaf emergence by Phyllochron and the Wang and Engel models, on climatological conditions at Sinop (Region of Transition Amazon-Cerrado), Mato Grosso State, Brazil, for winter period (between June and August of 2012). The minimum (Tb) and maximum (T B ) basal temperatures and the optimum temperature (T opt ) of growth of each species were estimated by regressions between relative growth rates and minimum, maximum and average temperatures, respectively. The values of the estimated T b were 15.0˚C, 16.4˚C, 14.5˚C and 14.6˚C; to T B were 39.7˚C, 37.1˚C, 38.6˚C and 40.1˚C; and to T opt were 24.4˚C, 24.9˚C, 24.9˚C and 25.1˚C to A. pavonina, C. fistula, H. petraeum and P. pendula, respectively. The Phyllochron model showed highest efficiency in the estimation of leaf appearance when compared to Wang and Engel method.

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RESUMO-Foram determinadas para figueiras podadas em julho, agosto, setembro e outubro, as temperaturas mínima e máxima basais, a soma térmica expressa em graus-dia e a influência da temperatura na duração do período compreendido entre a poda e o início da colheita, em Botucatu-SP, nos anos de 2002 a 2006. Os valores de temperaturas mínima e máxima basal estimados foram de 8ºC e 36 ºC, respectivamente. As épocas de poda que apresentaram melhores resultados em sazonalidade e produtividade foram, respectivamente, agosto e julho, necessitando de uma soma térmica média de 1.955 e 2.200 graus-dia. Termos para Indexação: Ficus carica; fenologia; graus-dia; crescimento vegetativo; unidades térmicas. BASIC TEMPERATURES AND THERMAL SUM FOR THE FIG TREES PRUNED IN DIFFERENT MONTHSABSTRACT -It was determined for the fig trees pruned in July, August, September and October, the most minimum and maximum basic temperatures, the thermal sum express in degree-days and the influence of the temperature in the duration of the period between the prune and the beginning of the harvest, in Botucatu -SP, from 2002 to 2006. The estimated values of minimum and maxim basal temperature were 8ºC and 36 ºC, respectively. The prune periods that presented better results in seasonal variation and productivity were August and July, and it was necessary a medium thermal sum of 1955 and 2200 degree-days.

RESUMO No presente trabalho, determinaram-se as trocas gasosas de folhas de figueira 'Roxo de valinhos' e o ciclo

RESUMO Neste estudo, objetivou-se gerar e validar modelos de estimativa da área da folha da fi gueira 'Roxo de

The evaluation of the new cultivars adaptation and yield potential of Mangifera indica L. provides tools to assist and improve the mango production in different climates conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the phenological and reproductive development of five mango cultivars (Bourbon, Haden, Palmer, Parwin and Tommy Atkins), on climate conditions in dry land and four production cycles (from 08/2007 to 01/2011), at São Manuel, São Paulo state, Brazil. The variables were total plant height, trunk height, stem diameter and the first insertion diameter, fruits physical characteristics, yield and harvest period, flowering seasonality and morphological characterization of the inflorescences. It was found that the four-year-old plants of Haden cv. reach 4.0 m high and 0.20 m of trunk diameter. Bourbon cultivar had the highest flowering period, from April to October. Tommy Atkins cv. had productivities of 14779.07 kg•ha −1 in the fourth cycle and the productivity of Bourbon, Haden and Palmer cultivars was alternated.