The effects of shearing on behavioral patterns, antioxidants, and inflammatory and stress
biomarkers was investigated in Ossimi sheep. Clinical parameters and behavioral patterns
were recorded, and serum samples were collected pre-shearing and 1, 5, 10 and 15 days
post-shearing from 60 Ossimi sheep. The results revealed that grooming and standing idle
frequencies were significantly (P<0.01) increased post-shearing. There
were significant (P<0.01) increases in IL-6, cortisol, and MDA
detected from the 1st to the 10th day post-shearing compared to pre-shearing values. IL-2
and TNF-α significantly (P<0.01) increased from the 1st until the 5th
day post-shearing compared to pre-shearing values, while significant
(P<0.01) decreases in the values of catalase from the 1st until the
5th day post-shearing compared to pre-shearing values were recorded. Regarding to
glutathione reductase, there was a significant (P<0.01) decrease from
the 1st until the 10th day post-shearing compared to pre-shearing values. Shearing leads
to significant changes in antioxidants, inflammatory, stress biomarkers, and some
behaviors in sheep.
The introduction of new regenerative therapeutic modalities in the veterinary practice has recently picked up a lot of interest. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with a high capacity to self-renew and develop into tissue cells with specific roles. Hence, they are an effective therapeutic option to ameliorate the ability of the body to repair and engineer damaged tissues. Currently, based on their facile isolation and culture procedures and the absence of ethical concerns with their use, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising stem cell type for therapeutic applications. They are becoming more and more well-known in veterinary medicine because of their exceptional immunomodulatory capabilities. However, their implementation on the clinical scale is still challenging. These limitations to their use in diverse affections in different animals drive the advancement of these therapies. In the present article, we discuss the ability of MSCs as a potent therapeutic modality for the engineering of different animals’ tissues including the heart, skin, digestive system (mouth, teeth, gastrointestinal tract, and liver), musculoskeletal system (tendons, ligaments, joints, muscles, and nerves), kidneys, respiratory system, and eyes based on the existing knowledge. Moreover, we highlighted the promises of the implementation of MSCs in clinical use in veterinary practice.
The assessment of diastolic function has received great interest in order to comprehend its crucial role in the pathophysiology of heart failure and for the early identification of cardiac events. Silent changes in the intraventricular flow (IVF) dynamics occur before the deterioration of the cardiac wall, although they cannot be detected using conventional echocardiography. Collective information on left ventricular (LV) pressures throughout the cardiac cycle has great value when dealing with patients with altered hemodynamics. Accurate pressure measurement inside the ventricle can be obtained by invasive methods to determine the LV diastolic pressures, which reflect the myocardial relaxation and compliance. However, catheterization is only feasible in the laboratory setting and is not suitable for clinical use due to its disadvantages. In contrast, echocardiography is simple, safe, and accessible. Color M-mode echocardiography (CMME) is an advanced cardiac evaluation technique that can measure the intraventricular pressure differences (IVPDs) and intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPGs) based on the Doppler shift of the IVF. Recently, the assessment of IVPD and IVPG has gained growing interest in the cardiovascular literature in both animal and human studies as a non-invasive method for the early diagnosis of cardiac dysfunctions, especially diastolic ones. The usability of IVPD and IVPG has been reported in various surgically induced heart failure or pharmacologically altered cardiac functions in rats, dogs, cats, and goats. This report aims to give an overview of the current studies of CMME-derived IVPD and IVPG in animal studies and its feasibility for clinical application in veterinary practice and to provide the prospects of the technique’s ability to improve our understanding.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate clinico-biochemical changes occurred in bacterial diarrhea in Egyptian Buffalo calves less than three months old. The study was carried out on 50 buffalo calves in El-Galaa Military farm that located in Ismailia Governorate, 40 diarrheic calves aged 55-75 days with an average body weight (35±2.5) kg were detected and 10 apparently healthy calves were kept as a control group to investigate the clinico-biochemical profiles. E. coli mixed or co-infection of Acinetobacterbaumannii/ Iwoffiiss species with Klebsiella and pseudomonas species were isolated from the diarrheic calves. Diarrheic calves show signs of anorexia, weakness, dullness, staggering movement, weight loss, pale mucous membranes with sunken eyes and dehydration. Analysis of clinical and biochemical profile of the diarrheic calves revealed significant increase in body temperature, respiratory rate, skin fold test, serum potassium, chloride, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, GGT, triacylglycerols, cortisol, CRP and CPK with significant decrease in pulse rate, serum sodium, glucose and total protein concentrations. It could be concluded that, bacterial diarrhea has a severe negative impact on the clinical and biochemical profile of the affected buffalo calvesBiochemical Buffalo calves Clinical Diarrhea
This work aimed mainly to study the status of some trace elements, oxidative stress, immunoglobulin E and vitamin A in sheep with skin diseases. In this study a survey was done on 190 of sheep of both sexes from sheep flocks around Menoufia Governorate showing skin diseases of 2 ± 0.5 years of age. All cases were subjected to clinical examination; body temperature was taken also pulse rate, respiratory rate; rumen movements, mucous membrane, wool and body condition score. 58% of these animals suffered from infectious causes. The other 42% of animals were associated with nutritional deficiencies. A significant decrease (p˂0.01) was found in the level of zinc, copper and vitamin A than compared to apparently healthy animals. Also, there was significant decrease (p˂0.05) in alkaline phosphatase activity. However, a significant increase (p˂0.05) was found in catalase activity. A significant decrease (p˂0.01) was found in superoxide dismutase activity compared to apparently healthy animals. We found significant increase (p˂0.05) in Malondialdehyde level than that taken from apparently healthy animals. A significant increase (p˂0.05) was detected in IgE level compared to apparently healthy animals. According to the results of our study we concluded that the prevalence of non-infectious skin affections was (42%) and there was significant relationship between non-infectious skin affections and oxidative stress, some trace elements, vitamins, immunoglobulin levels in sheep under field conditions
Nutritional
Oxidative stress SheepSkin diseases
Urinary tract affections are important clinical problems recorded in dogs affecting their health condition. The present study was carried out on 21 dogs of both sexes and different breeds having different urinary tract affections. The study aimed to evaluate clinical, hematological, biochemical, urinalysis, and ultrasonographic changes in dogs with different urinary tract affections. Acute renal failure, hydronephrosis, polycystic kidney disease, urolithiasis, and cystitis were diagnosed in 5,3,3,5,5 dogs, respectively. The most common clinical signs recorded in all affections were pollakiuria, hematuria, polyuria, dysuria, urine retention. Urinalysis showed the presence of proteinuria, blood in different affections of the urinary tract. There was decrease in RBCs count and Hemoglobin content above normal reference value in all urinary tract affections except in cystitis and there was increase in WBCs count above normal reference value in all different urinary tract affections. There was increase in urea and creatinine levels than normal reference value in all urinary tract affections except in cystitis. There were no changes in ALT, and AST levels in all affections except in acute renal failure were higher than normal reference value. Ultrasonographic examinations revealed structural abnormalities in all recorded urinary tract affections. The results of the present study revealed that clinical, hematological, biochemical, urinalysis, and ultrasonographic examinations are essential in dogs for accurate diagnosis of different urinary tract affections.
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