The Pivotal Role of Stem Cells in Veterinary Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

Abstract

The introduction of new regenerative therapeutic modalities in the veterinary practice has recently picked up a lot of interest. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with a high capacity to self-renew and develop into tissue cells with specific roles. Hence, they are an effective therapeutic option to ameliorate the ability of the body to repair and engineer damaged tissues. Currently, based on their facile isolation and culture procedures and the absence of ethical concerns with their use, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising stem cell type for therapeutic applications. They are becoming more and more well-known in veterinary medicine because of their exceptional immunomodulatory capabilities. However, their implementation on the clinical scale is still challenging. These limitations to their use in diverse affections in different animals drive the advancement of these therapies. In the present article, we discuss the ability of MSCs as a potent therapeutic modality for the engineering of different animals’ tissues including the heart, skin, digestive system (mouth, teeth, gastrointestinal tract, and liver), musculoskeletal system (tendons, ligaments, joints, muscles, and nerves), kidneys, respiratory system, and eyes based on the existing knowledge. Moreover, we highlighted the promises of the implementation of MSCs in clinical use in veterinary practice.

In vitro aging alters the gene expression and secretome composition of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

“…New approaches in veterinary regenerative medicine instill hope by providing increasing evidence of advancements in treating previously incurable diseases through stem cells (1)(2)(3). The canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) are a focal point of current research, given the abundance, ease of collection, and higher proliferation rate of AD-MSCs in contrast to alternative mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) resources (4)(5)(6).…”

Exploring the Tumor-Associated Risk of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Veterinary Medicine

“…Safety plays a pivotal role as a prerequisite and a fundamental element in decision making related to stem cell therapy [9]. Previous research has suggested that the side effects of stem cell therapy are minimal, generally mild, and self-limiting over a short period [10].…”

Impact of Adipose Tissue Depot Harvesting Site on the Multilineage Induction Capacity of Male Rat Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study

“…Over the years, a wide range of therapeutic modalities and materials have been employed [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are among the highly investigated cell sources for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications [ 9 , 10 ]. They can be obtained from diverse adult tissues originating from the mesodermal layer of embryos including but not limited to adipose tissue, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, dental pulp, periosteum, muscle tissues, and periodontal ligament [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”