One hundred sixteen rats (Rattus rattus) captured in Indonesia from 2011 to 2012 were investigated for the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV)-specific antibodies and HEV RNA. Using an ELISA based on HEV genotype 4 with an ad hoc cutoff value of 0.500, 18.1 % of the rats tested positive for anti-HEV IgG. By nested RT-PCR, 14.7 % of the rats had rat HEV RNA, and none were positive for HEV genotype 1-4. A high HEV prevalence among rats was associated with lower sanitary conditions in areas with a high population density. Sixteen of the 17 HEV isolates obtained from infected rats showed>93.0 % nucleotide sequence identity within the 840-nucleotide ORF1-ORF2 sequence and were most closely related to a Vietnamese strain (85.9-87.9 % identity), while the remaining isolate differed from known rat HEV strains by 18.8-23.3 % and may belong to a novel lineage of rat HEV. These results suggest a wide distribution of rat HEV with divergent genomes.

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui cemaran baku mutu air limbah Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) Sapi dan Ayam di Kota Mataram. Semua hasil melebihi baku mutu kecuali nilai pH. Kandungan ALT rerata air limbah RPH sapi 284004 x 10 4 koloni/ml dan mengandung mikroba jenis E.coli dan Salmonella. Sedangkan air limbah RPH ayam ALT rerata 101596 x 10 5 koloni/ml dan mengandung kuman jenis E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Klebsiella pneumoniae. Tingginya kandungan BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia, pH, minyak dan lemak maupun cemaran mikroba diduga disebabkan tidak difungsikannya Instalasi Pengolahan Limbah (IPAL) pada RPH sapi dan tidak optimalnya fungsi IPAL di RPH ayam. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the contamination of waste water quality standard and microbiologic contamination ofcattle and chicken slaughterhousein Mataram city. TPC average content of waste water of cattle slaughterhouse was 284004 x 10 4 colonies/ ml, and contained microbial species of E. coli and Salmonella. However, the TPC avarange of wastewater of chicken slaughterhouse accounted for 101596 x 10 5 colonies/ml and contained microbial species of E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. High content of BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia, pH, oil and fats as well as microbial contamination may relate to disfunctionality of Waste Water Treatment Installation (IPAL) in cattle slaughterhouse and too less optimum function of the IPAL in chicken slaughterhouse.

Stachytarpeta jamaicensis L. Vhal (SJ) tea has been empirically used as an anthelmintic, but scientific evidence on its use as an anthelmintic against Fasciola sp. is still limited. The aim of this study was to determine the effective concentration of SJ tea as an anti-Fasciola. S. jamaicensis leaves were cut, dried and then packed in the form of tea bags. The presence of secondary metabolites in the tea was also analyzed phytochemically. The anthelmintic activity assay of SJ tea was carried out using an in vitro experimental design with a post-test with control group design. The in vitro test consisted of negative control (0.9% NaCl), positive control (10% Albendazole) and SJ tea with a concentration of 10%, 5%, and 2.5%. The worm’s movement was observed and the time required for the death of Fasciola was recorded and analyzed. Phytochemical analysis shows that SJ tea contained alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids. Time required for death of Fasciola in the positive control, the negative control, the tea concentration of 10%, 5%, and 2.5% were 18.75, 168.75, 23.75, 42.5, and 66.25 min, respectively. S. jamaicensis tea with a concentration of 10% showed comparable effectiveness (p>0.05) to standard reference 10% Albendazole as an anti-Fasciola and resulted in the fastest death of Fasciola fluke compared to other concentrations of the tea. The results of this study indicate that SJ tea can be used as an alternative in overcoming Fasciola infestation. Further works are required to determine its safety when used in vivo.

Chicken manure waste is one of the main problems for large-scale broiler cultivation, especially in areas close to residential areas. The accumulation of manure that accumulates under the cage attracts the arrival and development of the flies in the cultivation site. The development of these flies will spread to the houses of residents who live around the cage. As a result, many farmers stop cultivating the broilers because of public complaints. To overcome this problem, the use of probiotics from acetic acid-producing bacteria can be used to reduce the development of flies because of the ability of the bacteria to reduce the pH of the media and create an uncomfortable environment for egg growth. Likewise, the development of maggot can be a competing medium that beats the flay. In community service activities regarding "The use of probiotics and maggot production to reduce flies in the Muara Selayar broiler farm, Pijot Village, Keruak District, East Lombok Regency". Through this activity, the development of flies can be emphasized by the use of probiotics and the development of magot which can be used as chicken feed.

To date, there are very few studies have been carried out on the effect of parasite infection on Bali cattle, and more importantly, there is no published data on the epidemiology of worm infections on Bali cattle in the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia. This research aimed to undertake a preliminary study on gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infection on Bali cattle raised under semi-intensive farming system in five different sites in district of Dompu, Sumbawa island. Fecal samples of 76 Bali cattle, from three farmer groups namely site number 1, 4 and 5, were collected, processed and examined under a microscope, with 100x magnification, for egg fecal counting or oocyst fecal counting using the modified McMaster technique. The number of eggs/oocysts observed was then determined and identified. The results show that the eggs/oocysts ranged from 50-14800. The types of GI parasites identified were Strongyloides sp, Strongyle sp, Toxocara sp, Trichuris sp, and Coccidia. Coccidia oocyst is a type of parasite which was found with the highest percentage of 23.68% followed by Strongyle sp. (18.42%) and Toxocara sp. (10.52%). The overall prevalence of GI parasitic infection in cattle accounted for 43.42%. Young calves (0-3 months old) was more susceptible to GI parasitic infection among other age groups. This preliminary data could be used as a basic data on gastrointestinal parasitic infection in Dompu district. These results may also indicate the need to develop control strategies aiming at lowering the gastrointestinal parasitism.

There is a desire to increase cattle production on Sumbawa Island but anecdotal reports from farmers indicate that calf mortality can be high. The aim of this paper is to report the occurrence and common causes of calf mortality, as well as to determine if colostral antibody transfer is sufficient in new-born calves. Personal interviews were conducted with 27 farmers. Immunoglobulins were measured in neonatal calves (n=18) using the FASTest IgG Bovine kit. The presence of various pathogens was investigated in fecal samples from calves (n=12) with signs of diarrhea between 1-2 months of age using the FASTest D4T bovine kit and the presence of gastrointestinal parasites was investigated using fecal floatation from pre-weaned calves (3 weeks-3 months of age; n=62). From the questionnaire calf losses ranged from 10–27%, with most losses occurring in older calves. Only one of the 18 calves demonstrated an insufficient concentration of IgG in serum, indicating the possibility of failure of passive transfer from the dam. Of the samples tested from scouring calves, 7 out of 12 samples tested positive for one of the microorganisms causing general diarrhoea in calves. A range of different gastrointestinal nematode parasites were found although very few coccidial oocysts were seen. The results of these studies indicate that calf mortality is high and will be a limitation on the production of beef cattle for slaughter in the Dompu region of Sumbawa Island. Further investigation is required to determine which pathogens are the cause of this calf loss.

Pemerintah provinsi NTB pada bulan Maret 2020 menyatakan bahwa penyebaran virus Corona telah sampai ke wilayah NTB. Salah satu upaya dalam pencegahan penyebaran virus Corona masuk ke dalam tubuh kita adalah dengan menjaga kebersihan diri dengan menerapkan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) dan dengan mencuci tangan dengan baik  menggunakan sabun maupun cairan antiseptik.  Praktik PHBS terutama di tempat kerja yang melibatkan banyak orang berkumpul sangat perlu untuk diterapkan. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk membentuk pemahaman masyarakat terutama para karyawan di tempat kerja yaitu di PT. Narmada Awet Muda sebagai salah satu industri Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK) terhadap penyebaran virus dan pencegahannya terutama virus Corona. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan dengan metoda ceramah, diskusi serta demonstrasi dan diikuti oleh sekitar 200 karyawan pabrik PT. Narmada Awet Muda. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan dan pemahaman karyawan meningkat (80.8%) terhadap PHBS dan cara cuci tangan yang baik sebagai upaya pencegahan penularan virus Corona.

Salah satu faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi populasi dan produksi ternak adalah masalah penyakit dan parasit. Gejala serangan parasit seringkali tidak tampak dan kadang-kadang petani kurang menyadarinya. Cacing hati (Fasciola sp.) merupakan parasit zoonosis yang dapat menginfeksi berbagai macam hewan ternak ruminansia terutama sapi. Fasciolamemiliki dua spesies utama yaitu hepatica dan gigantica. Penyebaran Fasciola sp. adalah daerah beriklim tropis basah yaitu di Asia dan Afrika. Fasciola sp. yang sering dijumpai di Indonesia adalah spesies gigantica, sedangkan spesies hepatica sering terdeteksi pada sapi-sapi impor. Untuk mengetahui infeksidan tingkat penyebaran Fasciola giganticadan Fasciola hepaticapada ternak sapi di kabupaten Lombok Tengahdan Lombok Timurmaka dilakukan survei, pengamatan dan pengambilan sampel organ hati sapi di pasar-pasar daging yang ada pada dua daerah tersebut. Pada masing-masing daerah diambil 3 lokasi pasar daging, yaitu di kabupaten Lombok Tengah: pasar Praya, pasar Mantangdan pasar Kopang; di kabupaten Lombok Timur: pasarSelong, pasarMasbagikdan pasarTerara. Pada masing-masing pasar, pengamatan dan pengambilan sampel diulang sebanyak 3 kalipada 3 orang pedagang.Selanjutnya sampel diamati di laboratorium untuk mengetahui adanya cacing hati dan kerusakan hati sapi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, sapi-sapi dan daging sapi yang diperjual belikan di pasar-pasar Lombok Tengah dan Lombok Timur terinfeksi parasit cacing hati (Fasciola sp.), dengan tingkat infeksi yang masih rendah, yaitu antara 1,3 sampai 2,3. Di samping itu, warna dan tekstur hati sapi yang diperjual belikan di pasar-pasar Lombok Tengah dan Lombok Timur relatif masih baik dan layak dikonsumsi.