This study aimed to screen probiotic candidates for the capacity to degrade ammonia content in the manure of laying hens. Seven bacteria previously isolated from broilers’ intestine were assigned to a completely randomized design. A fresh culture of each bacterial isolate was cultured to reach optical density at OD600:0.5. One ml suspension was inoculated into 100 ml samples (2g manure diluted in 100 ml of sterilized distilled water) and incubated for three days. Ammonia concentrations in each sample were measured daily using Ammonium/Ammonia-Test sera ammonia kits. The results showed that the ammonia concentration in all bacteria-treated samples was significantly lower than ammonia content in control, P<0.05). The average amount of ammonia in the control was 1.00±0.44 mg/l, while isolate I1-treated sample was 0.03±0.00 mg/l, isolate I2 0.02±0.00 mg/l, isolate I3 0.02±0.00 mg/l, isolate I4 0.04±0.01 mg/l, isolate I5 0.04±0.01 mg/l, isolate I6 0.02±0.01 mg/l and isolate I7 0.05±0.00 mg/l. The best three ammonia degrading capacity among the seven isolates were I2, I3, and I6. Based on the phenotypical characteristics, these bacteria were identified as Nitrosomonas sp. (I2), Nitrosobolus sp. (I3), and Nitrosococcus sp. (I6). Therefore, these three bacteria were recommended for probiotic candidates in laying hen.
Chicken manure waste is one of the main problems for large-scale broiler cultivation, especially in areas close to residential areas. The accumulation of manure that accumulates under the cage attracts the arrival and development of the flies in the cultivation site. The development of these flies will spread to the houses of residents who live around the cage. As a result, many farmers stop cultivating the broilers because of public complaints. To overcome this problem, the use of probiotics from acetic acid-producing bacteria can be used to reduce the development of flies because of the ability of the bacteria to reduce the pH of the media and create an uncomfortable environment for egg growth. Likewise, the development of maggot can be a competing medium that beats the flay. In community service activities regarding "The use of probiotics and maggot production to reduce flies in the Muara Selayar broiler farm, Pijot Village, Keruak District, East Lombok Regency". Through this activity, the development of flies can be emphasized by the use of probiotics and the development of magot which can be used as chicken feed.
The high level of ammonia and nitrite is a toxic factor for both poultry and aquaculture animals that directly lead to lower economic benefits. Thus, reducing ammonia and nitrite levels is an essential key for successful culture and is also important to reduce the amount of ammonia and nitrite released into the environment. This study aimed to screen bacteria having a capacity to degrade either ammonia or nitrite in vitro. Five bacterial strains previously isolated from broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) intestine and pond sediment of Nile Nilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were used in this study, namely IBP-1, IBP-2, IBP-3, IBP-4, and IBP-5 strains. The screenings were performed using either NH4Cl containing medium or NaNO2 containing medium to determine the ability of bacteria to reduce ammonia or nitrite respectively. The ammonia and nitrite levels were afterwards measured at the beginning (day 0: before bacterial inoculation), 24h (day 1), 48h (day 2), and 72h (day 3) after the addition of 1 ml of the bacterial suspension. The results showed that the five bacterial isolates were able to degrade the ammonia and nitrite content. The greatest reduction of ammonia was achieved by IBP-4 strain (0.00 mg/l), followed by IBP-5 strain (0.04 mg/l), IBP-1 strain (0.05 mg/l), IBP-3 strain (0.14 mg/l) and IBP-2 strain (0.19 mg/l). IBP-1 and IBP-2 strains showed the highest reduction of nitrite levels with values of 0.01 mg/l and 0.02 mg/l after 72h of bacterial inoculation. These results suggest that the five bacterial strains are potentially used for degrading toxic ammonia and nitrite.
The purpose of this study was to determine endoparasitic infestation on Buffaloes in Praya Barat district, Central Lombok. Stools samples were taken from 61 buffaloes from 5 villages and examined at Banyumulek Animal Health Laboratory of Animal Husbandry and Animal Health Service of NTB Province using the floating and sedimentation methods to perceive the presence of parasitic eggs. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results show that from 61 fecal samples analyzed, 20 samples (32.7%) were positively infected with endoparasites with a single type of infection and multi-species infection. A total of 13 samples (21.3%) were infected with Nematodes, 2 samples (3.27%) were infected with Cestode, 2 samples (3.27%) were infected with Trematode and 11 samples (18.03%) were infected with Protozoa. The degree of endoparasitic infection in buffaloes in West Praya district is included in the category of mild infection. Endoparasites that infect buffaloes in Praya Barat are coming from family Toxocaridae, Trichostrongylidae, Cooperidae, Anoplocephalidae, Strongylidae, Strongyloididae, Chabertidae, Fasciolidae and Eimeriidae. The highest prevalence for worm parasite was Toxocaridae with the percentage of 11.46%, whilst for the protozoa was the family of Eimeriidae accounted for 18.01%.
Salah satu faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi populasi dan produksi ternak adalah masalah penyakit dan parasit. Gejala serangan parasit seringkali tidak tampak dan kadang-kadang petani kurang menyadarinya. Cacing hati (Fasciola sp.) merupakan parasit zoonosis yang dapat menginfeksi berbagai macam hewan ternak ruminansia terutama sapi. Fasciolamemiliki dua spesies utama yaitu hepatica dan gigantica. Penyebaran Fasciola sp. adalah daerah beriklim tropis basah yaitu di Asia dan Afrika. Fasciola sp. yang sering dijumpai di Indonesia adalah spesies gigantica, sedangkan spesies hepatica sering terdeteksi pada sapi-sapi impor. Untuk mengetahui infeksidan tingkat penyebaran Fasciola giganticadan Fasciola hepaticapada ternak sapi di kabupaten Lombok Tengahdan Lombok Timurmaka dilakukan survei, pengamatan dan pengambilan sampel organ hati sapi di pasar-pasar daging yang ada pada dua daerah tersebut. Pada masing-masing daerah diambil 3 lokasi pasar daging, yaitu di kabupaten Lombok Tengah: pasar Praya, pasar Mantangdan pasar Kopang; di kabupaten Lombok Timur: pasarSelong, pasarMasbagikdan pasarTerara. Pada masing-masing pasar, pengamatan dan pengambilan sampel diulang sebanyak 3 kalipada 3 orang pedagang.Selanjutnya sampel diamati di laboratorium untuk mengetahui adanya cacing hati dan kerusakan hati sapi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, sapi-sapi dan daging sapi yang diperjual belikan di pasar-pasar Lombok Tengah dan Lombok Timur terinfeksi parasit cacing hati (Fasciola sp.), dengan tingkat infeksi yang masih rendah, yaitu antara 1,3 sampai 2,3. Di samping itu, warna dan tekstur hati sapi yang diperjual belikan di pasar-pasar Lombok Tengah dan Lombok Timur relatif masih baik dan layak dikonsumsi.
Keberhasilan dalam budidaya ayam ras pedaging sangat tergantung pada beberapa faktor yaitu pakan, bibit, manajemen pemeliharaan, serta serangan penyakit. Kelompok peternak ayam ras pedaging Muara Selayar desa Pijot di kecamatan Keruak Lombok Timur merupakan salah satu pelaku budidaya perunggasan non-industri. Permasalahan yang dihadapi kelompok peternak Muara Selayar adalah angka mortalitas ternak terutama anak ayam yang mencapai 7.4% (diatas batas ambang 5%) dan sindroma kekerdilan. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab permasalahan yang dihadapi kelompok sehingga kerugian yang dialami oleh peternak dapat diminimalisir. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan melalui identifikasi langsung ternak yang mati (post-mortem identification), survei dan diskusi. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi, penyebab kematian ternak ayam di kelompok Muara Selayar adalah Koksidiosis yang ditandai dengan feses yang berwarna kemerahan dan adanya perdarahan pada sekum. Sindroma kekerdilan pada ternak terutama diakibatkan oleh kualitas (grade) bibit yang kurang baik dari pihak mitra. Hasil kegiatan diskusi yang dilakukan dengan peternak menunjukkan bahwa peternak tidak mempunyai kekuatan tawar menawar dengan pihak mitra tentang kualitas bibit sehingga perlu dilakukan komunikasi khusus dengan pihak mitra yang bekerjasama dengan peternak. Peternak perlu memperhatikan praktik pemeliharaan yang baik seperti sanitasi kandang dan lingkungan sekitar serta pengobatan ternak dengan bahan yang aman dan tidak mengakibatkan adanya residu obat. Dari kegiatan pengabdian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Koksidiosis merupakan penyebab kematian ternak ayam di kelompok peternak Muara Selayar. Namun demikian penyakit unggas lainnya seperti Pullorum, ND dan CRD harus mendapat perhatian karena merupakan penyakit yang sering muncul pada masa pemeliharaan berdasarkan laporan peternak. Kekerdilan disebabkan terutama oleh rendahnya kualitas DOC.
Objective: The main objective of this study is to design a synthetic vaccine from the binder of sperm-1 (BSP1). Materials and Methods: This study was carried out using bioinformatics-related techniques. BSP-1 has been chosen as one of the biomarkers of a ruminant’s male fertility. We hypothesize that the BSP1 synthetic vaccines, which contain T-cell epitopes, can produce antibodies more effectively for the development of a sperm fertility detection kit. A sequence of BSP-1 peptides A0A0K1YXR5 from Bubalus bubalis (Domestic water buffalo) origin has been decided to be used to develop the peptide vaccine. Results: In this study, we succeeded in making synthetic vaccines from BSP-1 with a peptide sequence of LPEDSVPDEERVFPFTYRNRKHF. The three-dimensional theoretical prediction analysis of the peptide binding pattern to its ligand, as well as the molecular docking, has also been revealed. Conclusions: A synthetic vaccine from the BSP-1 has been developed in this study with the amino acid sequence LPEDSVPDEERVFPFTYRNRKHF, which is buffer-soluble, and the three-dimensional theoretical prediction analysis of the peptide binding pattern of BSP-1 to its ligand, as well as molecular docking, has also been revealed.
The use of probiotics is increasingly popular as an alternative replacement to antibiotic uses in stimulating health and growth of broiler chickens. The use of antibiotics may disturb the balance of the gut microbiota and play a significant role in the emerging of antibiotic resistance pathogens. Thus, the objective of this study was to isolate and screen lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the intestine of broiler chickens as probiotic candidates. LAB were initially screened by phenotypic assay. Furthermore, those strains which belonged to LAB were screened for inhibitory activity against E. coli. Results showed that a total of 4 isolates were considered as members of lactic acid bacteria indicating by the results of phenotypic assays: gram positive, catalase and oxidase negative, and able to perform carbohydrate fermentation. Out of the 4 isolates, only one isolate showed an inhibitory activity against the targeted pathogen. Further research is still needed to confirm the potential strain for probiotic in poultry.
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