Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still a global health problem. Current T2DM treatments are limited to curing the symptoms and have not been able to restore insulin sensitivity in insulin-sensitive tissues that have become resistant. In the past decade, some studies have shown the significant role of a chaperone family, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), in insulin resistance pathogenesis that leads to T2DM. HSP70 is a cytoprotective molecular chaperone that functions in protein folding and degradation. In general, studies have shown that decreased concentration of HSP70 is able to induce inflammation process through JNK activation, inhibit fatty acid oxidation by mitochondria through mitophagy decrease and mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as activate SREBP-1c, one of the lipogenic gene transcription factors in ER stress. The overall molecular pathways are potentially leading to insulin resistance and T2DM. Increased expression of HSP70 in brain tissues is able to improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control specifically. HSP70 modulation-targeting strategies (including long-term physical exercise, hot tub therapy (HTT), and administration of alfalfa-derived HSP70 (aHSP70)) in subjects with insulin resistance are proven to have therapeutic and preventive potency that are promising in T2DM management.

Stunting is a global health problem. Based on WHO data, there are 161 million children who experience stunting. Breastmilk supplementation in the form of Moringa oleifera leaves powder is known to be beneficial in suppressing the stunting incidence. Moringa oleifera leaves powder contains protein, micronutrients, and minerals such as calcium, iron, sodium, vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and antioxidants (flavonoid acids, phenolic acids, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and saponins). The use of Moringa oleifera leaves powder in stunting cases has been carried out, but further studies in the aspects of nutrigenomics and molecular biology have not been conducted. This study is a literature review of relevant articles from www.pubmed.com, www.sciencedirect.com, and scholar.google.com. The author used keywords "stunting", "nutrigenomics", "biomolecular", and "Moringa oleifera". Pathogenic microbe such as Shigella and pathogenic E. coli ingestion can cause changes in DNA sequences in the stunting pathogenesis. Moringa oleifera leave powder can pass through nutrigenomic and biomolecular mechanisms. Some macro and micromolecules of Moringa oleifera leaves powder such as folate plays a role in DNA methylation; vegetable protein and fatty acids act as promoters in DNA sequences; vitamins act as cofactors for enzymes, antioxidant, and antiinflammation. Seeing various potential mechanisms in the aspects of nutrigenomic and molecular biology, Moringa oleifera leaves powder can be used in overcoming stunting. Further research is needed to give more review about cytokines and molecules included in this literature review.

Akkermansia muciniphila is a promising gut microbiota for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A. muciniphila stimulates intestinal wall integrity, is an anti-inflammatory agent, and reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. These properties make A. muciniphila a potential treatment option for T2DM by reducing insulin resistance and increasing insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in different tissues. This article explores the possible role of A. muciniphila in T2DM management, along with the various methods known to modulate A. muciniphila .

The were two aims of this research. First is to get model of the relation between the latent variable quality of service and product quality to customer satisfaction. The second was to determine the influence of service quality on customer satisfaction and the influence of product quality on consumer satisfaction at Burger King Bali. This research implemented Partial Least Square method with 3 second order variables is the service quality, product quality, and customer satisfaction. In this research also used 5 first order variables to explain the variable service quality are tangibles, empathy, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and 6 first order variables to explain the variable quality product are performance, reliability, feature, durability, conformance, and design. Samples used in this research is 100. The results of this research indentify that the service quality and product quality affect customer satisfaction at Burger King.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affects various aspects of everyone's life. One of the impacts of the pandemic is psychological disorders, such as decreased sleep quality and anxiety. Until now, there has been no research to assess the relationship between these two conditions in university students during the pandemic era. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between decreased sleep quality and anxiety disorders in Indonesia’s university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2021 on 376 university students, both domiciled in Bali and outside Bali. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of participant demographic data, sleep quality assessment using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and measurement of anxiety levels using the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Bivariate analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation test.Result: 294 of the 376 participants had high PSQI scores (>5) and experienced sleep disturbances. Meanwhile, 44 participants reported experiencing anxiety disorders, with detail of 41 participants having SAS scores in the low category and 3 participants having SAS scores in the moderate category. The relationship between the PSQI and SAS variables showed a correlation coefficient of 0.619 and was statistically significant.Conclusion : Decreased sleep quality is positively correlated with anxiety disorders experienced by university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The author suggests research with larger parameters and population size to get more accurate results.

Uterine fibroids or leiomyomas are benign neoplasms that occur in the uterus and still become a health problem among women of reproductive age. Predominantly, uterine fibroids are found at productive age but some cases are found after menopause. Based on previous studies, there were 145 cases of uterine fibroids in 2014 and 69.7% were found in women over 40 years. Patients with uterine fibroids show a decreased quality of life with symptoms such as heavy uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, and loss of pregnancy. The pathogenesis of uterine fibroids is still unknown, but genetic factors, cytokines, growth factors, and steroid hormones are weak and play an important role in the development of uterine fibroids. Several studies have shown the effect of resveratrol that can be obtained from grape skins. Resveratrol can reduce extracellular matrix deposition and uterine fibroid cell proliferation. Looking at the induced events then resveratrol is effective in preventing the progression of uterine fibroids.

Tuberculosis in children is a global health problem that decreases the quality of life of children. Based on data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2016, nearly 69.000 children had tuberculosis and the case keeps increasing every year. Moringa oleifera leaf nanoemulsion syrup has immunonutrition and hepatoprotectant effects in children with tuberculosis. Moringa oleifera leaf nanoemulsion syrup contains proteins, micronutrients, and minerals which have a biological role as an immunity agent and prevent toxic effects of tuberculosis drugs. Until now, the use of Moringa oleifera leaf nanoemulsion syrup has been carried out for the immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective aspects. Immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective aspects will be discussed further in this literature review. The sources of articles in this literature review are pubmed.com, ncbi.com, plosone.com, sciencedirect.com, and googleschoolar.com from 2010-2020, except when there is no new research against the article. The authors searched for the keywords: "immunonutrition", "tuberculosis in children", "hepatoprotectant", and "Moringa oleifera". As an immunomodulator, Moringa oleifera leaf nanoemulsion syrup stimulate activation of polimorphonuclear (PMN) cells. As a hepatoprotectant, Moringa oleifera leaf nanoemulsion syrup work by reducing the side effects of conventional tuberculosis drugs such as rifampicin by suppressing the action of cytochrome p450 (CYP1A2 and CYP2B), thus decreases the production of toxic hydrazine which causes liver toxicity in tuberculosis patient. Seeing the various interests in the immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective aspects, Moringa oleifera leaf nanoemulsion syrup can be used as an adjuvant therapy in overcoming tuberculosis in children by stimulating the activation of immunity cell such as PMN, increasing nutrient absorption, and suppressing the action of cytochrome p450 (CYP1A2 and CYP2B).

Diabetes mellitus especially type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with a high prevalence and risk of complications. Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication. Current diabetic retinopathy therapy tends to be expensive and often leads to recurrence. Therefore more effective therapies are needed with abundant resources so that they are affordable for the community. Based on research, omega 3 fatty acids can be used as preventive and curative therapy for diabetic retinopathy. This modality is proven to be effective in preventing worsening of diabetic retinopathy and even reducing the signs of vascular abnormalities which are the main problem in this disease. Recent studies have also found signaling pathways involving GPR120 in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Even GPR120 which is a receptor for omega 3 fatty acids has the potential as an effective therapeutic target in the prevention of worsening and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Keywords:            GPR120, Omega 3 fatty acids, diabetic retinopathy