This paper is devoted to considering a system of psychological barriers which can result from professional activities of a modern engineer. It is based on the content analysis of tasks typical for engineer’s professional activity. It is discovered that implementation of engineer’s professional activities causes barriers reflecting difficulties of professional skills: emotional, motivational, cognitive, operational, and others.
The experimental study of psychological barriers among engineers of different experience groups was carried out on the basis of the method of expert evaluations. The most significant difficulties identified in all groups of experts are value and motivating, reflective, of creative constriction, subject-subject relationship, communication. It is shown that the identified system of psychological barriers allows to apply corrective actions for engineers to develop their barrier resistance to improve their professional activity in general.
The paper is devoted to eponyms used in scientific discourse. The concept of the eponym is borrowed from linguistic research. The term is understood from epistemological standpoint. It is stated that eponyms realize two functions in the language of science – cognitive and communicative. It is also stressed that to some extend eponyms connect two worlds – the world of ideas and the world of people, or, more specifically, the world of abstract concepts and the world of scientists, who study these abstract concepts. Historical examples (cases) demonstrating some features of functioning eponyms are given and discussed. The main historical example for the study is the history of discovering Lorentz’s transformations, which had a significant impact on forming the theory of special relativity. In addition, the paper gives the analysis of some other examples, in particular, related to such terms as Halley's comet, L'Hospital rule, Russell's paradox. It is noted that the fact of discovering some scientific object by one or another scientist in general is not the only reason for forming an eponym containing the name of this scientist. The formation of eponyms is influenced by many other factors, including social and political ones.
The possibilities of lifelong education through the use of open education technologies at the national and international levels are considered. Modern services offered by various platforms of mass open online courses are presented.
В статье излагаются методические аспекты проектного подхода к реализации личностнопрофессионального развития студентов в инженерном вузе средствами учебной дисциплины. Показано, что проектный подход может быть положен как в основу отбора содержания учебной дисциплины, так и в технологию ее реализации на основе активных и интерактивных методов. Выделены и описаны основные принципы проектного подхода по реализации задач личностно-профессионального развития будущих инженеров средствами дисциплины «Технологии личностно-профессионального развития», внедренной в образовательный процесс Брянского государственного технического университета. Представлены содержание и средства деятельности обучающихся в процессе создания проекта «Траектория личностно-профессионального развития». Описанные средства и методы исследовательской деятельности могут быть положены в основу организации самостоятельной работы обучающихся в процессе выполнения проектного задания. Предложенные активные и интерактивные методы составляют основу технологии проектного обучения по реализации содержания предлагаемой учебной дисциплины. На основе экспертной оценки и в соответствии с показателями профессиональной идентичности исследовано мнение будущих инженеров о роли данной дисциплины, реализуемой в учебном процессе на основе проектного подхода, в решении задач личностно-профессионального развития будущих инженеров. Ключевые слова: проектный подход, личностно-профессиональное развитие будущих инженеров, проект, проектная деятельность, принципы и методы проектного подхода.
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