Forty one nuclear probes, distributed across the different linkage groups of the previously published map, were used to examine restriction fragment length polymorphism between cultivated peppers . Total DNA from thirteen accessions of Capsicum annuum var . annuum and one accession of C. baccatum var. pendulum was separately cut with ten restriction enzymes . The analyses were restricted to only one enzyme per probe to reduce the polymorphism redundancy. Nei & Li's genetic distances between accessions were calculated from the 141 resultant nuclear DNA restriction fragments . The genetic variation was larger between C . annuum and C. baccatum than between C. annuum cultivars . Large fruited related accessions closely clustered together .Distances between the small fruited cultivars were larger than within the bell pepper group . A correspondence analysis performed on differences between the global RFLP patterns of each accessions of C. annuum revealed the particular genomic structure of four small fruited cultivars : Criollo de Morelos 334, H3, Perennial and Doux Long des Landes . The percentage of probes revealing at least one RFLP with at least one enzyme ranged from zero to fifty percent for all the pairwise comparisons of C . annuum accessions . 82 presumptive loci were detected with a mean number of 1 .46 alleles per locus within C . annuum and 1 .83 within all the accessions . This result indicates that molecular markers will be more usable in intraspecific study of C.annuum than isozyme markers .
Wound anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum musae, and early ripening are the main problems affecting the quality of export bananas (Musa AAA Cavendish) from the Caribbean. These problems generally concern bananas grown in lowland plantations during the rainy season. Three experiments were carried out to study the influence of the physiological age of bananas, calculated on the basis of mean daily temperature sums, on their susceptibility to anthracnose. Stressful growing conditions, especially soil flooding, slowed fruit growth but had no direct effect on fruit susceptibility to C. musae or on the green life. However, fruit that had accumulated lower temperature sums were less susceptible to wound anthracnose. By varying the source-sink ratio, we show that bananas of the same grade but different physiological ages had markedly different susceptibility to C. musae. Bananas with the same temperature sum accumulation but grown in different soil-climate conditions had different levels of susceptibility. Fruit grown in cooler, highland areas were less susceptible to C. musae than fruit of the same physiological age from lowland plantations. Our results suggest that temperature sum accumulation rate is a critical factor affecting the susceptibility of bananas to the pathogen.
International audienceWe present a series of three papers that aim at providing a synthesis of the information collected or obtained from 1956 to 1974 at the Station de Recherche de Viticulture INRA in Bordeaux. This work was continued and expanded along new avenues mainly by Carbonneau [CITE]. As it is, it endeavoured to study the relationships that prevail between traits which are easily assessed on the vine and are important in determining the production of a crop. It showed that to be meaningful, experimenting with factors that are expected to influence yield must last at least three years; it provided a simple and practical means to eliminate subjective influences from the experimenter on the trial by the use of pruning scales defining the load as a function of the weight of prunings; it showed for the first time how to study in isolation a single three-year cycle leading to the production of a crop.Vigueur, taille et production chez la vigne (Vitis vinifera L.). I. Synthèse bibliographique. Nous présentons une série de trois articles qui ont l'ambition de fournir une synthèse d'informations collectées ou obtenues de 1956 à 1974 à la Station de recherche de Viticulture INRA de Bordeaux. Ces travaux ont été continués et amplifiés depuis dans des voies nouvelles par Carbonneau [CITE]. Ils tendaient à étudier les relations entre les divers caractères qui sont facilement déterminés sur une plante de vigne et qui sont importants pour le déterminisme de la production d'une récolte. Ils ont montré que, pour avoir un sens, l'expérimentation sur des facteurs susceptibles d'avoir un effet sur le rendement doit durer au moins trois ans. Ils ont fourni des moyens simples et pratiques pour éliminer les influences subjectives de la part de l'expérimentateur en utilisant des échelles de taille définissant la charge en fonction du poids des bois enlevés à la taille. Ils ont montré pour la première fois comment étudier en isolement un seul cycle de production de trois ans
El estudio consistió en evaluar el impacto que tiene en los estudiantes de primer año de Medicina el contacto inicial con el cadáver, tanto en trastornos físicos como emocionales, su modificación en el transcurso del cursado y la incidencia que tendría en su voluntad de donar el propio cuerpo o al propiciar la donación por parte de terceras personas. Se realizó mediante una encuesta con respuestas de múltiples opciones y algunas semiestructuradas, en una muestra de 191 estudiantes de primer año de Medicina. Casi la totalidad acordaron en la importancia del cadáver para el estudio de la Anatomía y de ésta para la carrera médica. Los síntomas más frecuentes manifestados por el primer contacto con el cuerpo fueron irritación ocular (54%), congestión o irritación nasal (52%) y olor desagradable (28%); mientras que las emociones más referidas fueron entusiasmo (38%) y sorpresa (25%). Se adjudicaron principalmente al olor de la sala (40%) y del cadáver (55%), y para superar estos trastornos los recursos más empleados fueron: centrarse en el tema (39%), ver el cuerpo como un objeto (29%) y el humor (20%). Solo el 29% donaría su cuerpo y el 83% donaría sus órganos para trasplante; a pesar que el 80% considera que los estudiantes de primer año deberían disecar y el 73% querría ser ayudante en la cátedra. Reconocen que falta información y concientización sobre la donación de cuerpos para docencia e investigación en Anatomía y consideramos que es imprescindible contar con un programa de procuración y donación. Our objective was the evaluation of first year Medicine student’s perception at their first contact with the corpse in the dissection room. We considered as well physical and emotional aspects, change during the Anatomy course, impact on their will to donate the own body or propitiate other people’s donation. The study consisted on a survey with multiple choice and semi-structured responses, on a sample of 191 first year medical students. Nearly all agreed in the importance of corpses to study Anatomy and Anatomy for the medicine career. Most frequent symptoms on the first contact were ocular irritation (54%), nasal congestion (52%) and unpleasant smell (28%); while mostly mentioned emotions were enthusiasm (38%) and surprise (25%). Those perceptions were mainly caused by the room (40%) and the cadaver (55%) smell, and the resources used to endure them were: focus on the topic (39%), consider the body as an object (29%) and humor (20%). Only 29% of students should donate their own bodies and 83% should donate their organs for transplantation; instead 80% consider that first year students should dissect by themselves and 73% should like to be student-assistants at the Anatomy Chair. They recognize the lack in information on body donation for teaching and research in Anatomy, and we consider it is absolutely necessary a program for procurement and donation.
Pour servir de base à l'exposé de ce que l'on sait sur les facteurs qui ont un effet sur l'initiation florale chez la Vigne, il faut d'abord rappeler les particularités de la structure de cette plante. Dans la nature, la Vigne est une liane. Elle est inféodée à des arbres (à l'exception d'un petit nombre d'espèces) et, le plus souvent, à des forêts.Chez une espèce comme V. aestivalis, qui vit dans des forêts de chênes assez denses et sombres, on trouve typiquement des pousses d'ombre, à très grandes feuilles découpées et à entre-nœuds très longs et rectilignes et, dès que la plante a atteint le soleil, des pousses de lumière, portées par des troncs suspendus aux arbres : ces pousses sont grêles, zigzagantes ; elles ont des entre-nœuds courts avec des feuilles plus petites et plus entières ; elles seules portent des inflorescences. Les deux types de tiges sont portés par des troncs âgés et on voit que leur morphologie est assez strictement déterminée par les conditions de milieu, et surtout par l'éclairement.
-This second part of our review presents a synthesis of various experiments conducted in Bordeaux to look for an objective control for pruning in experimental work on the grapevine. This work was based on the published literature, as mentioned in the first part of this study. The concept of a pruning scale providing the load to be left on each vine at pruning as a function of the weight of the pruning woods it produced (a criterium of vigour) has been investigated. grapevine / pruning / vigour / yieldRésumé -Vigueur, taille, production chez la vigne : II. Expériences sur la vigueur, la taille et la production. Cette seconde partie de notre synthèse porte sur des essais concernant l'établissement et la mise en pratique d'échelles de taille, donnant la charge en fonction du poids des bois de taille (mesure de vigueur) pour chaque plante de vigne, fournissant une technique qui supprime le facteur subjectif du tailleur dans les essais sur cette espèce. vigne / taille / vigueur / production
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.