In late June 2007, the Epidemiological Surveillance Network in Castilla y León, northern Spain, reported a series of cases in a rural area in the province of Palencia and in the provincial capital city of León, labelled as “fever of unknown origin”. Subsequent epidemiological investigation confirmed an outbreak of tularaemia.
This report, provided by the APHA, presents the key descriptive epidemiological parameters of bovine TB in cattle in Great Britain from January 1 to December 31, 2015, providing summary information on the epidemic, including key statistics and epidemiological parameters as presented in the annual surveillance report for Great Britain, with supporting detail from specific reports for England and Wales. It updates the previous annual summaries for 2012 to 2014, also published in .
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• There are substantial diferences in the behaviour of the bovine TB epidemic at country, risk area and county level • In Great Britain overall approximately eight incidents of bovine TB were detected in 2016 for every 100 herds that underwent a full year of surveillance, a similar igure to 2015 • Scotland remained Oicially TB Free (OTF) with an annual rate of 0.6 TB incidents detected per 100 herds under surveillance • In the low risk area of England one TB incident per 100 herds under surveillance was detected in 2016; the area remains on course for OTF status in the foreseeable future • There has been a steady decline in bovine TB incidence in Wales since 2012, and in 2016 seven incidents of TB were detected in every 100 herds under surveillance • The TB epidemic in the high risk area of England has plateaued since 2011; this plateau, and the high frequency of repeat infections on holdings recently cleared of TB, suggests that control measures are containing infection rather than reducing it • The TB epidemic in the Edge area of England has been escalating for the past few years, with a signiicant increase in incidence between 2015 and 2016 from 5.6 to 6.7 incidents per 100 herds under surveillance. This rise has been attributed to more intensive surveillance since 2013, the purchase of (undisclosed) infected cattle, and the development of areas of endemic infection in which there is local spread of disease Bovine TB infection status in Great Britain in 2016 ABOUT THIS REPORT This report is produced for Vet Record by the APHA and presents the key descriptive epidemiological parameters for bovine TB in cattle in Great Britain from 1 January to 31 December 2016. It provides summary information on the epidemic, including key statistics. It updates the previous annual summaries for 2012 to 2015, also published in Vet Record. 2-5 The aim is to provide a concise description of the epidemiology of TB in cattle in Great Britain on an annual basis and to put the surveillance data into context.
Following the first diagnosis of campylobacteriosis in Jamaican cattle a field study was undertaken to determine the pathogenicity of Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis Jam (Jamaican strain) and to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination in controlling the disease. A total of 46 nonpregnant yearling heifers and four two-year-old bulls were used in two separate experiments. The results showed that C fetus subspecies venerealis Jam readily colonised the reproductive tract of susceptible heifers and persisted in some animals (68 per cent of unvaccinated and 33 per cent of vaccinated animals) for the duration of the experiment. Pregnancy was confirmed in 13 of 18 (72 per cent) culture-negative heifers but in only eight of 28 (29 per cent) of the heifers with two or more positive cultures. Vaccination appeared to be curative because 44 per cent of vaccinated heifers were cleared of infection whereas 85 per cent of unvaccinated, inoculated heifers remained infected for at least 17 weeks. Vaccination improved the fertility level of the infected heifers threefold. Infection was not established in vaccinated bulls used for breeding infected heifers.
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