Bovine TB infection status in Great Britain in 2016

Abstract

• There are substantial diferences in the behaviour of the bovine TB epidemic at country, risk area and county level • In Great Britain overall approximately eight incidents of bovine TB were detected in 2016 for every 100 herds that underwent a full year of surveillance, a similar igure to 2015 • Scotland remained Oicially TB Free (OTF) with an annual rate of 0.6 TB incidents detected per 100 herds under surveillance • In the low risk area of England one TB incident per 100 herds under surveillance was detected in 2016; the area remains on course for OTF status in the foreseeable future • There has been a steady decline in bovine TB incidence in Wales since 2012, and in 2016 seven incidents of TB were detected in every 100 herds under surveillance • The TB epidemic in the high risk area of England has plateaued since 2011; this plateau, and the high frequency of repeat infections on holdings recently cleared of TB, suggests that control measures are containing infection rather than reducing it • The TB epidemic in the Edge area of England has been escalating for the past few years, with a signiicant increase in incidence between 2015 and 2016 from 5.6 to 6.7 incidents per 100 herds under surveillance. This rise has been attributed to more intensive surveillance since 2013, the purchase of (undisclosed) infected cattle, and the development of areas of endemic infection in which there is local spread of disease Bovine TB infection status in Great Britain in 2016 ABOUT THIS REPORT This report is produced for Vet Record by the APHA and presents the key descriptive epidemiological parameters for bovine TB in cattle in Great Britain from 1 January to 31 December 2016. It provides summary information on the epidemic, including key statistics. It updates the previous annual summaries for 2012 to 2015, also published in Vet Record. 2-5 The aim is to provide a concise description of the epidemiology of TB in cattle in Great Britain on an annual basis and to put the surveillance data into context.

Temporal and spatial Mycobacterium bovis prevalence patterns as evidenced in the All Wales Badgers Found Dead (AWBFD) survey of infection 2014–2016

“…Between 1998 and 2009 the number of bTB incidents in cattle with TB lesions and/or bacterial culture in Wales doubled every 4.3 years 3 . Between 2012 and 2016 was a steady decline in bTB incidence and in 2016 seven incidents of TB were detected in every 100 herds under surveillance although recurrent incidents have increased from 37 to 46% since 2007 4 . In 2015 5.1% of herd restrictions resulting from a TB incident lasted > 500 days 5 .…”

Recent developments and highlights in food allergy

“…Anti-IgE therapies are the closest to clinical application with omalizumab-granted breakthrough therapy designation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the investigation of its role in food allergy. 158 In particular, the potential role of omalizumab in improving the safety profile of OIT is promising. 154,156,[159][160][161] In the context of OIT and multi-OIT, omalizumab changes the allergic reaction threshold.…”

Bovine TB infection status in cattle inGreat Britain in 2018

“…Descriptive statistics including herd incidence, herd prevalence and incident duration were measured using TB surveillance data routinely collected by the APHA. This report also updates the previous annual summaries for 2012 to 2017 published in Vet Record 3–8. The aim is to provide a concise description of the epidemiology of TB in cattle in GB on an annual basis and to put the surveillance data into context.…”

“…Subsequently the epidemic slowed, with a doubling time of 11 years from 2003 to 2010 7. Multiple measures have been used to monitor the epidemic since 2010, including the number of new incidents, incidence rate, prevalence and incident duration.…”