The aim of this study is to prove the effectiveness of IR spectroscopy as an identification test able to discriminate between mineral compounds in mixtures. This work is concerned with the physical characterisation of purified bentonite, bentonite in organic mixtures and organic excipients, and mineralized organic mixture containing bentonite using FT-IR spectroscopy. The different spectra were compared with each other in order to determine fingerprints of bentonite represented by bands located at 3632 cm−1 and 3437 cm−1. The analysis of the spectra of the nonmineralized mixture demonstrates the presence of two bands at 1454 and 2928 cm−1, superimposed on those of the excipients and which disappear after 2 hours of mineralization at 500°C. Finally, we notice a displacement of the stretching band of H2O to the right with increasing the proportion of the excipients.
Since they are natural, plants are wrongly considered nondangerous; therefore people used them in various contexts. Each plant is used alone or in mixture with others, where knowledge and the requirements of preparation and consumption are not mastered. Thus, intoxications due to the use of plants have become more and more frequent. The reports of intoxications made at the Antipoison Center and Pharmacovigilance of Morocco (ACPM) support this finding, since the interrogations suffered by the victims show that the use of plants is practiced irrationally, anarchically, and uncontrollably. Faced by the increase of these cases of poisoning in Morocco, it seemed necessary to investigate the nature of poisonous plants, their monographs, and the chemicals responsible for this toxicity.
Many dyes are contained in plants and are used for coloring a medium. They are characterized by their content of dyes molecules. They stimulate interest because they are part of a sustainable development approach. There are several chemicals families of plant dye which are contained in more than 450 plants known around the world. In this article, a study based on literature allowed us to realize an inventory of the main dyes plants potentially present in Morocco. A list of 117 plants was established specifying their botanical families, chemical Composition, Colors and parts of the plant used.
BackgroundIron is used like a medicine to treat or prevent haemolytic anaemia. When iron is administered concomitantly with certain drugs, it can change absorption of these drugs by complex reaction. Consequently, treatments become ineffective.PurposeTo study in vitro physicochemical behaviour of iron with different cytotoxic drugs used in oncology therapeutic protocols.Material and methodsWe prepared several mixtures of bivalent and trivalent iron solutions with 13 anticancer drugs after their reconstitution. We mixed 0.1 ml of 5% iron solution (Fe 2+or Fe3+) with 1 mL of diluted drugs in glass tubes, and we observed in the presence or absence of a precipitate.The formed precipitates were washed, dried and identified by infrared spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy. Spectra obtained are compared with those of the anticancer drugs studied.ResultsResults are represented in the following table:Abstract 3PC-033 Table 1
Cytotoxic drug (1 ml
)
Interaction with iron
Cytotoxic drug (1 ml
)
Interaction with iron
Fe 2+ (0.1 ml) Fe3+ (0.1 ml) Fe2+ (0.1 ml) Fe3+ (0.1 ml) Etoposide
+
Red Doxorubicin/Epirubicin
black
+ Carboplatin – Yellow Vincristine – – Cyclophosphamide – Yellow Ifosfamid – Yellow Cytarabine
+
Red Cisplatin – Yellow Vinblastine – Yellow Methotrexate
+
+ Dacarbazine – Yellow Bleomycin – – +: presence of precipitate –: no precipitateSpectra obtained by UV-visible and IR spectroscopy of the precipitates correspond to the spectra of cytotoxic drugs. We can deduce that the iron complex is incompatible with etoposide, cytarabin, doxorubicin, epirubicin and methotrexate.ConclusionThe findings suggest that iron (Fe3 +and Fe2+) is not compatible with etoposide, cytarabine doxorubicin, epirubicin, and methotrexate. We can deduce that intravenous iron should preferably be taken at least 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking these anticancer drugs to limit the risk of developing complications. For oral formulae like etoposide and methotrexate, concomitant administration of oral iron should be avoided in order to ensure good absorption.References and/or Acknowledgements1. Arlet J-B, et al. Iron therapy: indications, limitations and modality. Rev Méd Int2012;34:26–31.2. Dan L Longo MD. Iron-deficiency anaemia. N Engl J Med2015;372:1832–43.No conflict of interest
BackgroundPhysicochemical incompatibilities of parenteral drugs cause several problems in hospital practice. These incompatibilities can be represented by precipitation, complexation or colour change before or during administration to patients. Understanding these incompatibilities allow pharmacists to avoid many problems during preparation and administration.PurposeTo determine physicochemical incompatibilities of a cytotoxic drug widely used in paediatric oncology (methotrexate) with certain trace elements existing in food and medicines, as well as in food supplements.Material and methodsWe performed several mixtures to study physicochemical reactions between methotrexate reconstituted in infusion bags (25 mg/ml) and five cations: calcium (Ca2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (bivalent and trivalent), magnesium (Mg2+) and zinc (Zn2+). An interaction was elucidated by formation of a precipitate visible to the naked eye. Infrared spectroscopy was the method of authentication of precipitates.ResultsPrecipitates were formed with the copper, zinc, bivalent and trivalent iron. On the other hand, there was no precipitate with calcium and magnesium. Functional analysis of infrared spectra of precipitates showed the presence of methotrexate.ConclusionThe study of the physicochemical incompatibilities of methotrexate can avoid possible interactions with medicines, food or nutritional supplements containing trace elements.Recording to the results, methotrexate precipitates in the presence of copper, zinc and iron ions. The absence of the precipitate or change of colour in the other mixtures does not exclude a possible complexation.Reference and/or Acknowledgements1. Benaji B, et al. Compatibility study of methotrexate with PVC bags after repackaging into two types of infusion admixtures. Int J Pharma1994;105(1):83–87.No conflict of interest
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