Background: Several various physiological functions in elderly people are diminished due to cell or tissue damage. One of the probable causes are oxidative stress yielded by free radicals.Oxidative stress (ROS) induce lipid peroxidation in endothelial cell membrane, which generates atherosclerotic plaque. In a state of oxidative stress, MDA level will increased. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of SOD supplementation on MDA, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol plasma levels in the elderly.Methods: This study was open label, a randomized control trial. Subjects were elderly people aged > 60 years (median 75, 60-82 ys, male 10 (24,4%)) institutionalized at Social Rehabilitation Unit Pucang Gading Semarang, Indonesia. The treatment group consisted of 16 people, received SOD (GlisodinR) 1 capsule (250 IU) 1 hour before meals, plus exercise scheduled for 8 weeks. The control group consisted of 15 people, received placebo, and exercise. Plasma MDA levels were examined using TBARS method, while total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were examined using CHOD-PAP method.Results: This study show a reduction of plasma MDA levels in the treatment group compare to control group ( p = 0.062 ). A significant reduction of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in the treatment group were found (before 190.00 and 131.47 g/dl, after 182.27 and 121.93 g/dl, p = 0.005 and 0.001).Conclusion: The SOD supplementation significantly reduce Total Cholesterol and LDL level, but not MDA level in the elderly.
Background: Osteoporosis is one of chronic degenerative diseases especially in postmenopausal women, characterized by a decreased bone mass due to imbalance activity between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Recently, oxidative stress is believed to play an important role in osteoporosis pathogenesis. Oxidative stress is commonly considered as the consequence of an imbalance between pro and antioxidants species, which results in damage in the affected tissue. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is frequently used as a biomarker of oxidative stress in many health problems since MDA is produced at high levels during lipid peroxidation. Meanwhile, glutathione is well known as one of antioxidant which against oxidative stress by preserving its homeostasis in the reduced form of glutathione sulfhydryl (GSH) and the oxidized form of glutathione disulphide (GSSG). This study was aimed to determine the association between MDA, GSH/GSSG ratio and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.Materials and method: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 40 postmenopausal women. MDA and GSH/GSSG ratio were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bone mineral density (BMD) was obtained from secondary data. The statistical analysis was conducted using Spearman rho’s correlation test.Results: Based on the test, we didn’t found significant correlation between MDA and BMD (r=-0.054, p=0.741), but we found significant moderate correlation between GSH/GSSG ratio (r=0.436, p=0.005) and BMD in postmenopausal women. Conclusion: There was no correlation between MDA and BMD in postmenopausal women. However, there was significant moderate correlation between GSH/GSSG ratio and BMD in postmenopausal women.Keywords: MDA, GSH/GSSG ratio, BMD, osteoporosis
Background: Burn injury defines as skin or tissue damage caused by heat, radioactivity, electricity, or chemicals. Burn injury have an impact on physiological homeostasis. Burn injury will cause an increase in free radicals, it can also cause changes in the platelet count. Melatonin has been proposed as burn supportive therapy because it acts as an antioxidant that can eliminate free radicals. Melatonin can increase the number of the platelets through the mechanism of increasing megakaryocyte fragmentation and modulating the cytokines involved in platelet production. Aim: Proving the effects of melatonin supplementation on the number of platelets in male Wistar rats with third degree of burn injury. Methods: This research was an experimental with randomized control group pre-post test design. Samples are 12 healthy male Wistar rats then randomly divide into two groups, control and experimental group. Each rat was induced 30% burn injury under anesthesia. Rats in control group were given placebo at 0, 8, and 16 hours after burn injury, while rats in experimental group were treated with melatonin intraperitoneal at 0, 8 and 16 hours after burn injury. Blood samples were collected from the retroorbital sinuses at 0, 3, and 24 hours. Data were analyzed statistically by Paired t-Test and Independent t-Test. Results: In control group, the number of platelets at 0-3 hours (p=0,024) and 0-24 hours (p=0,039) showed a significant decrease in platelet count. In experimental group, the number of platelets at 0-3 hours (p=0,047), 0-24 hours (0,015), 3-24 hours (p=0,04) showed a significant decrease in platelet count.Conclusions: Melatonin administration did not cause a significant increase of platelets number. Keywords: Burns, Platelet count, Melatonin
Background: The color of teeth in each individual varies greatly in which it is influenced by the color of dentin and enamel. The most frequent tooth discoloration that happened is caused by extrinsic stains like coffee. Coffee consumption habits are increasing along with the level of creativity in serving coffee. Nowadays, coffee with conventional methods like black/Turkish coffee and manual brewing methods such as drip brewing and espresso become popular coffee that are fancied by Indonesian people. Exposure to chromogenic substances and the acidic nature of coffee can cause the formation of pores in enamel and facilitate the deposition of dyes, which cause the color changes. Aim: The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of brewing methods on tooth discoloration. Method: This research was a true experimental study with a pre-post test control group design. Twenty eight post-extracted first premolar teeth samples divided into 4 groups for drip, espresso, black coffee and control by implementing random allocation. All samples were immersed in each coffee brewing group for 3 hours, 6 hours, and 9 hours. The teeth color was measured using a Chromameter based on the CIE L*a*b system. Statistical tests used Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. Result: The Kruskal Wallis test showed differences in the color change ∆a * between the four groups (p < 0.05). Mann-Whitney test indicated a significant difference between the treatment group (drip, espresso, and black coffee group) and the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Drip coffee, espresso and black coffee brewing methods can affect tooth discoloration, especially affects the red discoloration. But there is no difference in the effect of the drip, espresso, and black coffee brewing methods on tooth discoloration.
Background: Acne vulgaris or widely known as acne, is a skin disease in the form of inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by the appearance of comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules. Due to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, masks have become personal protective equipment (PPEs), commonly used by health workers and the general public. The combination of friction, repeated pressure, sweat, or stress on the skin from wearing the mask causes acne or an exacerbation of existing acne. Meanwhile, the use of facial moisturizer can maintain skin moisture and help the repair process of the structure of the skin barrier.Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between the use of facial moisturizers and the incidence of acne vulgaris due to masks.Methods: This study is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The subjects in this study amounted to 44 people who were nurses at the Diponegoro National Hospital who had approved the informed consent form, filled out a complete questionnaire, and included the research criteria. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling. The diagnosis of acne vulgaris was made by doctor-in-charge based on the subject's face photo. The statistical test used is Fischer's Exact Test.Results: Based on data analysis using Fischer's Exact Test, the results showed no significant relationship between the use of facial moisturizers and the incidence of acne vulgaris due to masks with a p-value = 0.722 (p>0.05).Conclusion: There is no relationship between the use of facial moisturizers with the incidence of acne vulgaris due to masks.
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