The inner bark or less tender sheath generated from industrial manufacture of canned babassu palm (Attalea speciosa) heart is inadequate for human consumption, often being discarded inappropriately and giving rise to environmental pollution. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the intake and digestibility in sheep fed on silage of the agro-industrial co-product of babassu palm (ICBP)enriched with different additives, or on sugarcane silage. Fifteen Santa Inês sheep were distributed in a completely randomized design, consisting of five treatments and three replicates. The treatments comprised babassu palm silage enriched with broken maize (BM), broken rice (BR), cassava scrapings (CS), coffee husk combined with maize kernel (CC), and sugarcane silage (SC), all supplemented with concentrate, at a voluminous:concentrate ratio of 65:35. Silages based on ICBP and SC had similar intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC). Increasing the additive fraction in ICBP silages favored the digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NFC, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total digestible nutrients (TDN). Our results indicated that silage based on additive-enriched ICBP can be used in the diet of ruminants, especially those based on broken maize and cassava scrapings that provide superior nutritional quality compared to the other silages assessed.

Glyphosate drift in plants that are not resistant to the herbicide molecule can result in stimulation to certain biological features, characterizing the phenomenon of hormesis. On this basis, productive and chemical traits were evaluated in marandu grass, in a simulation of the drift effect, using sublethal doses of the herbicide glyphosate. The experiment was in laid out in a randomized-block design with split plots in time, in four replicates. The effect of sublethal doses of glyphosate acid equivalent (a.e.) (21.60, 43.20, 64.80, 86.40 and 108.00 g ha-1) and control was evaluated in the plots; and the effect of harvesting at 92, 113, 134 and 155 days after sowing (DAS) the grass was evaluated in the subplots. The Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu was collected at a height of 0.20 m, at a defoliation interval of 21 days, to estimate production and chemical traits, in experimental plots with a usable area of 7.5 m2. Leaf: stem ratio was influenced by the interaction between the evaluated factors (dose and harvest). Dose fitted a second-order polynomial model, with a hormesis effect of 21.60 to 76.50 g ha-1 of glyphosate a.e. Harvesting at 134 DAS differed significantly from 92 DAS. The forage yield showed a linear response inversely proportional to the increasing glyphosate doses. There was a polynomial increase in leaf phosphorus content, characterizing hormesis up to the sublethal dose of 72.50 g a.e. ha-1. Harvest influenced the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin and leaf phosphorus contents.

In this study, the stimulatory effects of application of glyphosate herbicide coupled with manganese sulfate (8%) foliar fertilizer on the production and bromatological characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha ‘Marandu’ were evaluated. The experiments were performed using randomized complete block design with a 5×4 factorial scheme in plots subdivided over time (across four evaluations) with four repetitions, totaling 100 observations. The effects of sublethal doses of acid equivalent (a.e.) of glyphosate (5.40, 21.60, 64.80, and 108.00 g·a.e.·ha-1) and control plus manganese sulfate foliar fertilizer (1,000 g ha-1) were assessed in four successive evaluations at a defoliation frequency of 21 days. Foliage at 20 cm height (to evaluate forage production); leaf/stem ratio (LSR); and contents of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and lignin (LIG) were measured in experimental plots with a usable area of 7.5 m2. Application of sublethal doses of glyphosate plus manganese sulfate did not increase forage production, increased LSR, reduced LIG content, and did not affect CP content in all four evaluations. NFD and ADF indicated satisfactory qualitative indices for animal feed following the application of sublethal doses of glyphosate plus manganese sulfate in all four evaluations.

O uso de silagens de forrageiras tropicais é mais uma alternativa para minimizar a escassez de forragem no período seco, dentre as forrageiras que podem ser adotadas o capim elefante merece destaque. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os aspectos bromatológicos e qualidade fermentativa de silagem de capim elefante aditivada com torta de semente de cupuaçu. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, denominados de: SCE= 100% silagem de capim elefante puro; STC20 = silagem 80% capim elefante + 20% de torta de cupuaçu; STC40 = silagem 60% capim elefante + 40% de torta de semente de cupuaçu; STC60 = silagem 40%capim elefante + 60% de torta de semente de cupuaçu e STC80 = silagem 20%  capim elefante + 80% de torta de semente de cupuaçu. Foram utilizados silos de PVC com 50 cm de comprimento, 10 cm de diâmetro e capacidade de 3,5kg, após 60 dias de fermentação os silos foram abertos, pesados novamente, homogeneizadas e retiradas amostras para determinar os teores de: MS, PB, FDN, FDA, MM, EE, CEL, HEM, LIG, MM, NDT, PMS, PE, PG e pH da silagem. Em termos de composição bromatológicas a silagem STC80 foi a que apresentou os melhores resultados, além de diminuir as perdas de MS, as perdas por efluentes e por gases. Portanto, recomenda-se a inclusão de 80% da torta de semente de cupuaçu na silagem com capim elefante, por melhorar o perfil fermentativo e a composição bromatológica da silagem. Palavras-chave: Conservação; Períodos críticos; Forragens; Pennisetum purpureum; Estratégias.

To facilitate seeding process of forage species, a common practice is to mix seeds with fertilizers in monocropping and intercropping or in implementing integrated livestock production systems. However, in prolonged periods of contact, the fertilizer’s salinity and acidity negatively affect the seeds’ physiological quality. Therefore, this study intends to verify the effect of ten periods (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours) of exposure to granular NPK fertilizer 04-30-16 on the vigor and germination of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu seeds. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replication. The fertilizer and seed mixture registered a negative effect on seed moisture content, electrical conductivity, emergence, emergence speed index, and seedling and radicle length as the period of exposure to the fertilizer increased from 3 to 120 hours.

The agricultural industry is the main emitter of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), gases that each have a global warming potential that is greater than that of CO2 by 23 and 298 times, respectively. On a global scale, enteric fermentation from ruminant animal production (especially of cattle and sheep) is responsible for between 21% and 25% of total anthropogenic CH4 emissions. The search for effective, simple, and fast methods to measure the production of CH4 and other products from ruminal fermentation has been the objective of several studies on ruminant nutrition. Thus, techniques have been developed under experimental conditions of Brazil and other international countries to quantify CH4 emissions of ruminants. The objective of this literature review is to discuss and compare the existing techniques of measuring enteric CH4 from ruminants. Each technique has a shortcoming or disadvantage in its characterization of ruminal fermentation. The ex-situ technique of measuring CH4 from ruminal fermentation has been quite promising, because it facilitates the measurement of CH4 and other fermentation products, such as short chain fatty acids (SOFA). CH4 detection by a portable laser is effective in monitoring fluctuations in emission and is recommended especially for short-term measurements of respiring and eructating animals reared in a feedlot system. Other methods are being improved and better adapted for practical use in the ongoing quest for more efficient uses of ruminal fermentation products.

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A alface é a hortaliça folhosa mais comercializada mundialmente. Devido a intensa demanda torna-se necessário a aplicação de técnicas que acelerem a produção fornecendo nutrientes ao adequado desenvolvimento do cultivo. Dessa forma, o estudo teve como objetivo verificar a resposta fisiológica da embebição de sementes de Lactuca sativa L. em águas destilada e de piscicultura de Tambaqui, em diferentes períodos (0, 3, 6, 12 e 24 h). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com 4 repetições. Houve efeito benéfico para emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, massa seca de radícula, massa seca aérea, comprimentos de raiz e da parte aérea no maior período de embebição, independentemente do tipo de água utilizada. As plantas oriundas de sementes embebidas e conduzidas com água de piscicultura apresentaram massa fresca aérea 22% superior àquelas tratadas com água destilada, no tempo de 24 h. O condicionamento hídrico das sementes de alface favorece