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RESUMONeste trabalho, objetivou-se a determinação do tamanho ótimo de parcelas em experimentos em casa de vegetação com a cultura do mamoeiro. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios de uniformidade com as cultivares Golden, do grupo Solo, e com o híbrido Tainung Nº 1, do grupo Formosa. Os ensaios foram formados por plantas em sacos de polietileno, dispostas em 10 fileiras, com 10 plantas em cada fila. Entre o período do desbaste e do aparecimento da primeira flor funcional, foram feitas avaliações das variáveis: altura de planta, diâmetro de caule, número de folhas, largura e comprimento de folha madura. Foram simulados diversos tamanhos e formas de parcelas, em que cada planta foi considerada primeiramente como uma unidade básica (parcela) ate 50 plantas por unidade básica. Para a estimação do tamanho ótimo de parcelas empregou-se o método da máxima curvatura modificado. Pode-se concluir que, para os materiais e variáveis estudadas, o tamanho de parcela ótimo deve ser formada por oito plantas.Termos para indexação: Precisão experimental, erro experimental, coeficiente de variação, ensaio de uniformidade, Carica papaya L. ABSTRATThis work hap the adm was of determining the optimal size of plots of papaya plants in greenhouse experiments. Two uniformity essays with the cultivars Golden, from the Solo group, and the Tainung Nº 1, from the Formosa group, were conducted. The essays were formed by plants in polyethylene plastic bags, placed in 10 lines with 10 plants in each line. Between the cutting period until the appearance of the first functional flower, evaluations of the variables were performed: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and length and width of the mature leaf. Several sizes and plot forms, in which each plant was considered atfirt as a basic unit. Were simulated till fifty plants for basic unity. For the estimation of the optimal size of plots, one applied the methods of maximum modified curvature. One may conclude that, for the materials and variables studied, the optimal plot size may be formed by eight plants.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito da sacarose e do sorbitol na conservação in vitro de um acesso de Passiflora giberti N. E. Brown. Para isso, foi instalado um experimento no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em que foi comparado o tratamento-testemunha (MS padrão) com o meio MS suplementado com três concentrações de sacarose (0; 15 e 30 g L-1) em combinação com três concentrações de sorbitol (10; 20 e 40 g L-1). As avaliações foram realizadas aos 30; 60; 90 e 120 dias de incubação, observando-se o comprimento das brotações (cm), número de raízes, número e coloração das folhas. Os resultados mostram ser possível conservar sob crescimento lento, por quatro meses, microplantas de maracujazeiro em meio de cultura MS suplementado com 10 ou 20 g L-1 de sorbitol, na ausência de sacarose, e mantidas sob condições de fotoperíodo de 16 h (22 µE m-2s-1) e temperatura de 27 ± 1 ºC. A sacarose promoveu maior desenvolvimento de microplantas. A rizogênese é afetada pelo sorbitol na concentração de 40 g L-1 e pela ausência de sacarose no meio de cultura.

RESUMOPesquisaram-se eventuais diferenças na composição da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, cinzas, cálcio, fósforo, cobre, zinco, perfil de aminoácidos e biotina entre cascos pretos e claros, de eqüinos das raças Pantaneira e Mangalarga Marchador, criados na região do Pantanal, MS, e no município de Caeté, MG, respectivamente. De cada raça foram coletadas amostras de 10 éguas vazias, não lactantes, com idade entre 5 e 10 anos, sendo que, em um mesmo animal, foram retiradas amostras das duas colorações de casco nas regiões da pinça, ombro, quarto e talão. Na raça Pantaneira, os cascos claros apresentaram maior teor de fósforo que os pretos, e os demais elementos avaliados não foram diferentes segundo a cor. Na Mangalarga Marchador, não houve diferença entre os cascos claros e pretos, quanto a todas as características estudadas.Palavras-chave: eqüino, casco, coloração do casco, proteína, aminoácido, biotina, minerais Chemical composition (dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, calcium, phosphorus, copper and zinc and amino acid profile) ABSTRACT in black and non-pigmented hooves from non-lactating five-to ten-year-old Pantaneira and Mangalarga Marchador mares raised in central and southeastern Brazil was studied. In the Pantaneira breed, phosphorus concentration was higher in non-pigmented than in black hooves, but hoof color did not affect any other composition variables. Likewise, black versus non-pigmented hooves did not differ for any composition variable in the Mangalarga

) RESUMOO Brasil é um dos principais centros de dispersão da variabilidade genética do gênero Passiflora. Sua auto-incompatibilidade aliada à incidência de doenças do sistema radicular e da parte aérea, desmatamentos e monocultivos promovem perda de material genético. Tendo-se em vista o risco de erosão genética, torna-se necessário a conservação da variabilidade em bancos de germoplasma, de grande interesse no melhoramento de plantas. Estudos em relação ao tipo de explante e concentração dos meios de cultivo são necessários para se determinar protocolo de estabelecimento e conservação in vitro de germoplasma de maracujá. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da concentração dos sais e nutrientes do meio MS e tipos de explantes no estabelecimento e crescimento das espécies de maracujazeiro Passiflora giberti N. E. Brown, P. edulis Sims e P. laurifolia L. Em cada espécie de Passiflora havia características próprias quanto ao desenvolvimento in vitro. O meio de cultura MS completo e os segmentos nodais que continham a segunda gema axilar tiveram melhores resultados em relação às demais.Palavras-chave: Passiflora spp., posição da gema, micropropagação. ABSTRACT CULTURE MEDIUM AND TYPE OF EXPLANT IN THE IN VITRO ESTABLISHMENT OF PASSION FRUIT SPECIESBrazil is one of the main centers of genetic variability dispersion of the Passiflora genera. Its self incompatibility as well as disease incidence in its leaves and root system and, deforestation and monocultivation, promote loss of genetic material. Considering the risk of genetic erosion, the conservation of the variability in germplasm banks, which is of great interest in plant breeding, is necessary. Studies regarding the type of explant and concentration of the culture media are necessary in order to determine protocols of establishment and in vitro conservation of passion-fruit germplasm. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the influence of the salt and nutrient concentration in the MS culture medium and types of explants in the establishment and growth of the Passion fruit species: Passiflora giberti N. E.Brown, P. edulis Sims and P. laurifolia L. Each Passiflora species presented its own characteristics regarding in vitro development. The complete MS medium and nodal segments the second axilliary bud promoted better development of the genotypes studied.

Soil is currently seen as the most relevant carbon sink and the most effective carbon stabilizer. In contrast, agriculture is the second largest C emitter, after burning of fossil fuels. This organic carbon (OC) introduced into the soil, mainly via organic matter (OM), is essential for several soil properties and plays an extremely important role in sandy soils. The objective of this study was to describe the changes in the amounts and pools of OC and the influence thereof on some physical soil properties in areas converted from pasture to eucalyptus. The following areas were analyzed: a degraded pasture (PAST), two areas of pasture-eucalyptus conversion after 2 and 15 years (EU02 and EU15, respectively) and a preserved Cerrado area (CER) in the east of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Soil samples were taken from the 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.30 m layers. The OC was measured and analyzed, the carbon pool (CP) calculated, aggregate stability, bulk density (BD), and macro-and microporosity determined, and total porosity (TP) calculated to analyze the influence of land use on soil properties. The experimental design was completely randomized, and four clusters per area were established, with nine subsampling points, for a total of 36 subsamples per area, organized in 20 × 20 m grids, The soil under natural vegetation (preserved Cerrado) was used as a control. The change from CER to commercial cultivation accelerates the process of OC loss (reductions of 25-35 %) and reductions in soil physical quality. In the PAST area, OC was reduced by 30 % in the 0.00-0.05 m layer. Cumulative OC and CP were highest in the 0.00-0.05 m layer and decreased in the deeper layers in all land use treatments. Organic C in the 0.10-0.30 m layer was not influenced by land use, indicating the possibility of OC persistence in the soil for longer periods. Macroporosity and total porosity may be considered appropriate in CER and EU15, whereas the conditions for plant development in PAST and EU02 were restrictive. Land use systems reduced OC and the CP, indicating anthropogenic disturbance of the soil compared to CER. Fifteen years after planting eucalyptus in the pasture area, signs of recovery of some soil physical properties were observed, e.g., reduced BD and increased TP.

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis and also the canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, state of São Paulo. Blood samples were collected from 32 dogs from different rural properties (small farms) and were analyzed by ELISA and the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) in order to diagnose CVL. From these serological tests, 31.25% of the dogs were positive for CVL and these were distributed in 66.7% (8/12) of the rural properties, which were positive for L. longipalpis. CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) light traps were installed in 12 properties (one per property) and insects were caught on three consecutive days per month for one year. L. longipalpis was present on 100% of the rural properties visited, at least once during the twelve-month interval, totaling 64 males and 25 females. The insects were more numerous after the peak of the rain, but the association between prevalence of peridomestic vectors and the climatic data (precipitation, relative air humidity and temperature) and the occurrences of CVL among dogs on each rural property were not statistical significant (p < 0.05). However, the occurrence of CVL cases in dogs and the presence of L. longipalpis indicate that more attention is necessairy for the control of this disease in the rural area studied.