Even though sport satisfaction has proved an important element for youngsters to keep practicing sports, little is known on the sport satisfaction of coaches. Moreover, the coach-athlete relationship is acknowledged as a key element for sport success, but whether its importance is the same for coaches and athletes is yet to be investigated. Our study analyzed the mediating role of the coach-athlete relationship in associating the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and sport satisfaction of Brazilian coaches and athletes. 364 coaches and athletes participated in the study representing 182 dyads from different sports according to the following instruments: Basic Needs Satisfaction Sport Scale (BNSSS), Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire, athlete and coach versions (CART-Q), and the Athletic Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ). Data analysis followed a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with a significance level of p < 0.05, generating results in which the mediating model for coaches was not adequately fit, while the direct model, without mediation, was adequately fit and explained 48% of sport satisfaction variance. For athletes, the mediating model has shown adequate fit and explained 81% of the sport satisfaction variance, leading us to conclude that the quality of the coach-athlete relationship can be considered a determining factor for the satisfaction of young Brazilian athletes’ basic psychological needs as well as sport satisfaction, but proved not as relevant to their coaches.

RESUMO . Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva, teste de Shapiro-Wilk, teste "U" de Mann-Whitnney; teste de Kruskal-Wallis e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman; a significância adotada foi p < 0,05. Resultados: Os atletas com principal fonte de renda no MMA apresentaram maior "estresse geral" (p = 0,023) e "estresse social" (p = 0,043). Conclusão: Conclui-se que quando o esporte é a principal fonte de renda dos atletas, o estresse dos lutadores é elevado. Quanto maior o volume de treino, mais o atleta busca estabelecer objetivos e maior é sua a capacidade de confrontar as adversidades. Além disso, a variedade de estratégias de coping utilizadas pelos lutadores melhora seu estado de recuperação (capacidades físicas e psicológicas) durante as competições.Descritores: atletas; esgotamento profissional; esportes. ABSTRACT

The fundamental tactical principles of the game of soccer represent a set of action rules that guide behaviours related to the management of game space. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of fundamental offensive and defensive tactical principles among youth soccer players from 12 to 17 years old. The sample consisted of 3689 tactical actions performed by 48 soccer players in three age categories: under 13 (U-13), under 15 (U-15), and under 17 (U-17). Tactical performance was measured using the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer (FUT-SAT). The Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Friedman, Wilcoxon, and Cohen’s Kappa tests were used in the study analysis. The results showed that the principles of “offensive coverage” (p = 0.01) and “concentration” (p = 0.04) were performed more frequently by the U-17 players than the U-13 players. The tactical principles “width and length” (p < 0.05) and “defensive unit” (p < 0.05) were executed more frequently by younger soccer players. It can be concluded that the frequency with which fundamental tactical principles are performed varies between the gaming categories, which implies that there is valuation of defensive security and a progressive increase in “offensive coverage” caused by increased confidence and security in offensive actions.

This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the leadership style of swimming coaches from the state of Paraná, Brazil. The trial subjects were 33 male athletes (67.3%), 16 female athletes (32.7%), and six coaches. Data collection occurred during the final phase of the Parana 2010 Open Games. The measuring instrument used was the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS). For data analysis we used the Shapiro Wilk test, Mann-Whitney, the Manova, and Post Hoc of Scheffe (p <0.05). The results showed that comparing between the perception and preference of athletes there were significant differences in dimension of training instruction (p = 0.001), reinforcement (p = 0.008), and democratic style (p = 0.020), male athletes have a greater preference for autocratic behavior than female athletes (p = 0.031), there was no significant difference between the dimensions: perception of athletes and self-perception of coaches. We reached the conclusion that the swimming coaches from the state of Paraná have the democratic style, using reinforcement and training-instruction as tactical and technical resources for their coaching; the champion team coach had a profile similar to what is currently preferred by athletes which, according to literature, would be the ideal one to achieve success in sports.

Introdução: analisar o papel do Estágio Curricular Supervisionado (ECS) na formação inicial de professores de Educação Física implica em entender que o conhecimento pedagógico especializado se legitima na prática, e, mais do que no conhecimento das disciplinas, compreende os procedimentos de transmissão, de forma complexa e desafiadora, dos conhecimentos da cultura corporal de movimento. Nesse sentido, esta Objetivo: verificar, a partir da perspectiva de estudantes-estagiários, a organização e relevância da realização do ECS, bem como, a compreensão didático-pedagógica que esses apresentam com relação à realização desse primeiro contato com o ambiente escolar. Métodos: participaram deste estudo qualitativo, trinta e cinco acadêmicos de uma instituição pública do norte do estado do Paraná/Brasil. As informações levantadas decorreram dos relatórios finais apresentados na disciplina de ECS I. Resultados: da análise das informações coletadas emergiram-se duas categorias de apresentação dos resultados: a) organização e estrutura da disciplina de ECS I e b) significados do ECS I para a formação docente. Na primeira categoria, os participantes destacam que a carga horária das ações do ECS possui caráter excessivo frente aos demais componentes curriculares, porém entendem que tal processo se faz necessário pois possibilita uma efetivação da relação teoria e prática. Na segunda, revelam que o ECS auxilia na reflexão contínua do futuro professor para com o exercício da sua profissão, traduz-se em uma ação educativa a partir da práxis, torna-se meio de socialização profissional, e, possibilita a reflexão das amarras entre a profissão e a escola. Conclusão: entende-se que o estágio se configura como um dos componentes essenciais na lapidação do processo inicial de construção do ser professor em suas mais diversas facetas para o contexto escolar dentro da formação de professores de Educação Física.ABSTRACT. Initial training of physical education teachers: a look at the supervised practicum. Background: analyze the role of the Supervised Practicum (SP) at the initial training of the Physical Education Teachers implies understanding that specialized pedagogical knowledge is legitimated in practice and, more than the knowledge of the subjects, comprehends the procedures of transmission of the knowledge of body movement culture, in a complex and challenging way. Objective: to verify, from the perspective of student-trainees, the organization and relevance of the SP, as well as the didactic-pedagogical understanding that the students present regarding the accomplishment of this first contact with the school environment. Methods: Thirty-five students from a public institution in the north of the state of Paraná/Brazil participated in this qualitative study. The collected information came from the final reports presented in the SP I subject. Results: from the analysis of the information collected, two categories of results were presented: a) organization and structure of the SP I subject and b) SP I significance for teacher training. In the first category, the participants emphasize that the workload of the SP actions is excessive compared to the other curricular components, but they understand that this process is necessary because it allows an effective relationship between theory and practice. In the second, they reveal that the SP helps in the continuous reflection of the future teacher towards the exercise of their profession, it is translated into an educational action from the praxis, it becomes a means of professional socialization, and, it allows the reflection of the relations between the profession and the school. Conclusion: it is understood that the practicum is one of the essential components in the stoning of the initial process of construction of being a teacher in its most diverse facets for the school context within the training of Physical Education teachers.

RESUMOO objetivo do estudo foi a validação transcultural do questionário de Necessidades Psicológicas no Exercício (BPNES) com alunos brasileiros. Participaram três tradutores envolvidos no processo de tradução, três especialistas em Psicologia do Esporte e 403 alunos. O instrumento utilizado foi o BPNES com 12 itens que avaliaram as necessidades psicológicas básicas dos alunos (autonomia, competência e relacionamento). Para análise dos dados utilizou-se os coeficientes de validade de conteúdo, kappa, alfa de Cronbach, correlação intraclasse e análise fatorial confirmatória. Os resultados mostraram que a versão para a língua portuguesa contém questões apropriadas para clareza de linguagem e relevância prática (CVC>,81), apresenta consistência interna (α=,83) e confiabilidade teste-reteste satisfatória (R=,87). A análise fatorial confirmatória apresentou coeficientes de ajuste adequados (X2/gl=2,10, GFI=,95, CFI=0,96, TLI =,95, RMSE=,05). Conclui-se que a versão na língua portuguesa para alunos brasileiros do BPNES mostrou-se válida para avaliar os construtos de motivação (autonomia, competência e relacionamento) no contexto educacional. Palavras-chave: Motivação, Esporte, Psicológico, Questionário, Psicometria. ABSTRACTThe study aimed to validate for Portuguese language (Brazilian population) the questionnaire Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) in Physical Education. Attended three translators involved in the translation process, three doctors in Sport Psychology and 403 students. The instrument was the BPNES with 12 items that assessed the basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relationship). For analysis, we used the content validity coefficients, kappa, Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation and confirmatory factor analysis. The Results showed that the version for the Portuguese language contains appropriate questions for clarity of language and practical relevance (CVC>.81) and presents internal consistency (α=0.83), and satisfactory test-retest reliability (R = 0.87) . Confirmatory factor analysis presented adjustment coefficients (X 2 /gl=2.10; GFI=0.95; CFI=0.96; TLI=0.95; RMS=0.05). We conclude that the version into Portuguese of BPNES proved to be valid to assessed the constructs of motivation (autonomy, competence and relationships) in the Brazilian educational context.

Resumo: Analisamos como um programa de intervenção baseado no ensino de esportes coletivos pôde contribuir para que os alunos se motivassem a participar das aulas de Educação Física. A ação interventiva sustentou-se em um modelo híbrido de ensino: educação esportiva e desenvolvimentista. Trabalhamos 45 aulas, com a participação de 23 alunos do 6º ano do ensino fundamental. A partir do questionário de Necessidades Psicológicas Básicas na Educação Física Escolar observamos que o programa indicou uma melhora na autonomia, refletindo na participação e integração dos alunos durante a realização das aulas. Abstract:We analyze how an intervention program based on the teaching of team sports could contribute to motivate students to participate in Physical Education classes. The intervention was based on a hybrid teaching model: sports and developmental education. We worked in 45 classes with 23 students from the 6 th year of elementary school. Using the Psychological Basic Needs Questionnaire in Physical Education, we observed that the program indicated improvement in autonomy, reflecting on students' participation and integration during lessons.Resumen: Analizamos cómo un programa de intervención basado en la enseñanza de deportes colectivos pudo contribuir para motivar a los estudiantes a participar en las clases de Educación Física. La acción intervencionista se sustentó en un modelo híbrido de enseñanza: educación deportiva y desarrollista. Trabajamos en 45 clases con la participación de 23 estudiantes de sexto grado de primaria. A partir del cuestionario de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en la Educación Física observamos que el programa indicó una mejora en la autonomía, lo que se reflejó en la participación e integración de los estudiantes en el transcurso de las clases. Palavras chave:Educação Física. Esportes. Educação.

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