Identifying the ecological factors that shape parasite distributions remains a central goal in disease ecology. These factors include dispersal capability, environmental filters and geographic distance. Using 520 haemosporidian parasite genetic lineages recovered from 7,534 birds sampled across tropical and temperate South America, we tested (a) the latitudinal diversity gradient hypothesis and (b) the distance–decay relationship (decreasing proportion of shared species between communities with increasing geographic distance) for this host–parasite system. We then inferred the biogeographic processes influencing the diversity and distributions of this cosmopolitan group of parasites across South America. We found support for a latitudinal gradient in diversity for avian haemosporidian parasites, potentially mediated through higher avian host diversity towards the equator. Parasite similarity was correlated with climate similarity, geographic distance and host composition. Local diversification in Amazonian lineages followed by dispersal was the most frequent biogeographic events reconstructed for haemosporidian parasites. Combining macroecological patterns and biogeographic processes, our study reveals that haemosporidian parasites are capable of circumventing geographic barriers and dispersing across biomes, although constrained by environmental filtering. The contemporary diversity and distributions of haemosporidian parasites are mainly driven by historical (speciation) and ecological (dispersal) processes, whereas the parasite community assembly is largely governed by host composition and to a lesser extent by environmental conditions.

Objectives:to analyze the relationship between anxiety and depression symptoms, resilience and self-esteem with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics; correlate resilience and self-esteem with age and duration of the disease; check associations between anxiety and depression with measures of resilience and self-esteem among individuals with cardiovascular diseases. Method:correlational study conducted in a large university hospital in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population was composed of adult inpatients with cardiovascular diseases. A non-probabilistic consecutive sample was composed of 120 patients. Variables of interest were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Resilience Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results:anxiety and depression symptoms were present in 32.5% and 17.5% of the patients, respectively, and were associated with the female sex (p = 0.002; p = 0.022). Manifestations of depression were associated with the presence of comorbidities (p = 0.020). More resilient patients did not present depression symptoms (p < 0.001) and anxious women were more resilient (p = 0.042). The highest scores regarding self-esteem were present in patients with anxiety and depression. Men presented higher resilience and lower self-esteem compared to women. Conclusion:patients with anxiety and depression were less resilient but presented higher self-esteem.

Objective: Assess the degree of patient satisfaction with triage in the adult emergency service of a public hospital. Method: Exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Three hundred patients were interviewed and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics based on sociodemographic variables and those related to patient satisfaction. Results: There was a predominance of women, with elementary education and a mean age of 41 years. Most of the interviewees reported being satisfied in regard to the following items: timely service, embracement, trust, environment (comfort, cleanliness and signage), humanization (courtesy, respect, and interest), timely referral/scheduling of appointments and care expectations. Conclusion: There was a high level of patient satisfaction, evidenced by the strong association of user satisfaction with the items investigated.

RESUMOObjetivo: verifi car os fatores associados e o nível de adesão às precauções padrão dos profi ssionais de enfermagem do setor de clínica médica de um hospital de ensino. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, analítico, realizado com 54 profi ssionais de enfermagem, por meio da aplicação da Escala Psicométrica de Adesão às Precauções Padrão, traduzida e validada para o português do Brasil. Resultados: o escore global de adesão foi intermediário (4,41); não houve correlação estatisticamente signifi cativa entre adesão e categoria profi ssional (p=0,404) e com o tempo de exercício profi ssional (p= 0,612). Verifi cou-se correlação do item Lava as mãos após a retirada de luvas descartáveis (p=0,026) com profi ssionais com tempo de trabalho, na área, superior a 10 anos. Conclusão: a adesão às medidas de precaução padrão pela equipe de enfermagem foi intermediária, não tendo diferença estatisticamente signifi cativa em relação à categoria profi ssional e ao tempo de exercício profi ssional. Descritores: Precauções Universais; Equipe de Enfermagem; Exposição a Agentes Biológicos; Riscos Ocupacionais; Equipamento de Proteção Individual. RESUMENObjetivo: verifi car los factores asociados y el nivel de adhesión a precauciones estándar en profesionales de enfermería del sector de clínica médica de un hospital de enseñanza. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, analítico, realizado con 54 profesionales de enfermería, a través de la aplicación de la Escala Psicométrica de Adhesión a las Precauciones Estándar, traducida y validada al portugués brasileño. Resultados: el puntaje global de adhesión fue intermedio (4,41); no hubo correlación estadísticamente signifi cativa entre adhesión y categoría profesional (p=0,404) ni con tiempo de ejercicio profesional (p=0,612). Se verifi có correlación del ítem Lava sus manos luego de quitarse los guantes descartables (p=0,026) en profesionales con tiempo de Rev Bras Enferm [Internet]. 2017 jan-fev;70(1):90-7. 91Adherence to standard precautions in a teaching hospital Ferreira LA, et al. INTRODUCTIONHealth professionals are constantly exposed to risks in their workplace environment, which may have a direct impact on health conditions. Among these professionals, nursing team members are subjected to high-level occupational risks, especially exposure to biological materials. This is related to the direct and indirect support they provide to patients and types and frequency of procedures they perform, exposing them microorganisms present in blood and organic fluids (1)(2) . Regarding biological risks, infections of higher epidemiological relevance are those caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -which causes the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) -and hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) (3) . Estimates indicate that around 400 million people, or 5.7% of the world population, have HBV and 180 million have HCV. In addition, by 2012, HIV had infected about 40 million people (4) . When the prevalence of AIDS and hepatitis increases, the risk of occupational contamina...

Abstract:The Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana (Tyrannidae) is a migratory passerine that occurs in central Brazil between August and February. Its breeding biology is still little known, and this study reports data on breeding season, incubation and nestling periods, nest and egg characteristics, nest success and predation rate. We searched for nests at "Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas" (ESECAE) and its surroundings, Distrito Federal, Brazil, in the breeding seasons of 2002 to 2007. We monitored 78 nests each 2-4 days. Breeding season started in late September and lasted until mid December. Incubation lasted 13.6 ± 0.4 days (n = 21) (mean ± SE) and nestling period lasted 15 ± 0.4 days (n = 27). Most nests (n = 39) were found in "cerrado ralo" vegetation and were built on plants of the genus Kielmeyera. Clutch size ranged from 1 to 3 eggs, with an average of 2.5 ± 0.3 eggs. Egg length and width averaged 22.2 ± 0.2 mm and 15.8 ± 0.1 mm (n = 6), respectively, and the average weight was 3.0 ± 0.2 g (n = 5). Thirty (52.5%) nests were successful, 24 (43.9%) were predated and only two (3.7%) were abandoned. Egg success was 39.2 ± 1.4% and mean hatching rate was 0.6 ± 0.2 fledglings/egg. Overall productivity was 1.0 ± 0.3 fledglings per nest, and fecundity rate was 1.4 ± 0.4 fledglings per female. Nest success (Mayfield method) was 45.9% ± 1.1, with no significant difference between the average daily survival rate between egg and nestling periods. Several of the estimated parameters for T. savana revealed to be different than expected for a tropical flycatcher. Resumo: A tesourinha Tyrannus savana é um Passeriforme (Tyrannidae) migratório que ocorre no Planalto central entre os meses de agosto e fevereiro. Sua biologia reprodutiva é ainda pouco conhecida e foi abordada pelo presente estudo quanto aos seguintes aspectos: período reprodutivo, tamanho da ninhada, tempo de incubação e de permanência dos ninhegos no ninho, características dos ninhos e ovos, taxa de sucesso dos ninhos e taxa de predação. O estudo foi realizado na Estação Ecológica Águas Emendadas e em fragmentos do entorno, DF, nas estações reprodutivas de 2002 a 2007. Os ninhos (n = 78) foram monitorados em intervalos de 2-4 dias. O período reprodutivo estendeu-se de setembro a dezembro. O período médio de incubação foi de 13,6 ± 0,4 dias (n = 21) (média ± EP), e a permanência dos ninhegos no ninho foi de 15 ± 0,4 dias (n = 27). A maioria dos ninhos (n = 39) foi encontrada em cerrado ralo e em plantas-suporte do gênero Kielmeyera. O tamanho da ninhada variou de 1 a 3 ovos com média de 2,5 ± 0,3 ovos. O comprimento e a largura média dos ovos foram de 22,2 ± 0,2 mm e 15,8 ± 0,1 mm (n = 6), respectivamente, e o peso médio foi de 3,0 ± 0,2 g (n = 5). Trinta ninhos (52,5%) tiveram sucesso, 24 (43,8%) foram predados e apenas dois (3,7%) foram abandonados. O sucesso dos ovos foi de 39,2 ± 1,4%, sendo a taxa de eclosão de 0,6 ± 0,2 filhotes/ovo, a fecundidade de 1,5 ± 0,4 filhotes/fêmea e da produção anual de filhotes de 1,0 ± 0,3 filhotes/ninho. O sucess...

ABSTRACT. In semi-arid ecosystems, birds commonly use rainfall as a reliable environmental cue to adjust the timing and strength of their reproductive activity. Here we evaluate this hypothesis for a community of birds in the Caatinga (the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil), using brood patch information and nest abundance. Sampling occurred every 14 days between September 2012 and August 2013 (brood patch), and every three or four days during the reproductive period (nests). Abundance of brood patches and nests were correlated, and all brood patches were recorded between March and July (4.5 to 5.0 months). We recorded three peaks of brood patch abundance: the first 28 days after the first rains, the second 14 days after the second rainfall peak, and the third synchronously with the third rainy period. These results indicate that intra-annual variation in local rainfall has the potential to account for variations in the timing and intensity of reproduction in the studied birds.

-(Structure and dynamics of a woody plant community of a tropical semi-deciduous seasonal forest in the "Estação Ecológica do Panga", municipality of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.). Studies of plant community dynamics are essential in understanding the demographic patterns of species since changes in demographic rates can affect the floristic composition and future structure. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the changes in the community structure and floristic composition of woody plants in a tropical semi-deciduous forest in Uberlândia in central Brazil, during a 10-years period. The data were collected in 1989 and in 2000 in 50 quadrats (10 m x 10 m) where all trees with a minimum circumference at breast height of 10 cm were sampled. In 1989, 93 species and 1103 individuals were registered. Over a period of 10 years, seven new species were added to the community, although eight disappeared. The main change that occurred during this period in the floristic composition was the replacement of savannah species occurring in forest gaps by those from the forest understory.Key words -growth, mortality, recruitment, tropical forest RESUMO -(Estrutura e dinâmica da comunidade arbórea de uma floresta semi-decídua na Estação Ecológica do Panga, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil). Estudos de dinâmica de comunidades vegetais são essenciais para o entendimento dos padrões demográficos das espécies, uma vez que as mudanças nas taxas demográficas da comunidade podem afetar a composição florística e a estrutura futura das florestas. Portanto, o presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar as mudanças na composição florística e estrutura fitofisionômica da comunidade arbórea de uma floresta tropical semi-decídua em Uberlândia no Brasil central, durante um período de 10 anos. O trabalho foi realizado em 50 parcelas de 10 m x 10 m, onde amostraram-se todas as árvores com circunferência a altura do peito com mínimo de 10 cm em 1989 e novamente em 2000. Em 1989 registrou-se um total de 93 espécies e 1103 indivíduos, enquanto que em 2000, 92 espécies e 1107 indivíduos. Em 10 anos houve a perda de oito espécies e recrutamento de sete. A principal mudança que ocorreu na composição florística nesse período foi a substituição de espécies de savana, que ocorriam nas clareiras, por aquelas de sub-bosque da comunidade florestal.

This was an ethnographic investigation with the aim of comprehending the meanings of the trauma experience among multiple trauma patients. The following techniques were used for data collection: direct observation, semi-structured interview and field diary.Biographical narratives were obtained from eleven trauma victims, and ten relatives as secondary informants. The data analysis considered the set of data of each participant and all data of all subjects, searching for differences and similarities. The meanings attributed to the trauma experience are associated with interrelated feelings of fear, insecurity, anger, vulnerability and suffering and to the meanings of quality of life that converge to valorize health and work appreciation and support by social networks. This analysis shows that the concepts and experiences of the trauma are conditioning factors of the health-disease process and they are essential in planning public health actions to meet the needs of individuals. Descriptors Experiencia del paciente politraumatizado y sus consecuenciasSe trata de una investigación etnográfica realizada con el objetivo de comprender los significados de la experiencia del trauma en pacientes politraumatizados. Fueron utilizadas las siguientes técnicas de recolección de datos: observación directa, entrevista semi-estructurada y diario de campo. Obtuvimos narraciones biográficas de 11 personas víctimas de traumas y 10 familiares, como informantes secundarios. El análisis de los datos consideró el conjunto de los datos de cada participante y el todo de los datos de todos los sujetos, buscando diferencias y similitudes. Los sentidos atribuidos a la experiencia del trauma se asocian a sentimientos interrelacionados de miedo, inseguridad, rabia, vulnerabilidad y sufrimiento y a los significados de calidad de vida que convergen para la valorización de la salud, trabajo y apoyo por las redes sociales. Este análisis muestra que las concepciones y vivencias del trauma son factores condicionantes del proceso saludenfermedad y fundamentales para la planificación de acciones de salud pública dirigidas a la atención de las necesidades individuales.